0001158172-24-000012 | 10-K | XBRL Viewer

General and administrative

^[1],[2],[3]

205,580,000

205,294,000

203,044,000

Selling and marketing

^[2],[3]

63,322,000

68,453,000

66,937,000

Research and development

^[2],[3]

33,701,000

36,987,000

39,123,000

^[2],[3]

51,192,000

61,200,000

61,736,000

Amortization of intangible assets

5,213,000

27,096,000

25,038,000

Impairment of goodwill

78,200,000

46,300,000

Restructuring

6,234,000

5,810,000

Impairment of right-of-use and long-lived assets

1,502,000

156,000

Total expenses from operations

444,944,000

451,296,000

395,878,000

Loss from operations

(73,601,000)

(74,873,000)

(28,865,000)

Interest expense, net

^[1]

(1,445,000)

(915,000)

(7,801,000)

Other income (expense), net

42,000

9,785,000

(5,778,000)

(Loss) gain from foreign currency transactions

(2,824,000)

1,166,000

2,895,000

^[1]

(9,629,000)

Loss before income taxes

(77,828,000)

(64,837,000)

(49,178,000)

Income tax provision

(1,533,000)

(1,724,000)

(859,000)

Net loss available to common stockholders

(79,361,000)

(66,561,000)

(50,037,000)

(79,361,000)

(66,561,000)

(50,037,000)

Total net loss available to common stockholders

^[1]

(16,270,000)

(15,513,000)

(12,623,000)

$ (95,631,000)

$ (82,074,000)

$ (62,660,000)

Net loss per common share:

Basic (in shares)

^[4]

$ (19.88)

$ (17.71)

$ (15.51)

Diluted (in shares)

^[4]

$ (19.88)

$ (17.71)

$ (15.51)

Weighted-average number of shares used in per share calculation - Common Stock

Basic (in shares)

^[4]

4,811,233

4,634,178

4,040,102

Diluted (in shares)

^[4]

4,811,233

4,634,178

4,040,102

Comprehensive loss:

Foreign currency cumulative translation adjustment

$ (79,361,000)

$ (66,561,000)

$ (50,037,000)

Other comprehensive loss:

1,830,000

(3,842,000)

(5,068,000)

Total comprehensive loss

$ (77,531,000)

$ (70,403,000)

$ (55,105,000)

[1]

Transactions with related parties are included in the line items above as follows (refer to Footnote 14, Related Party Transactions, for further information):


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Revenues	$	11,420	$	14,934	$	16,285
Cost of revenues	29,265		26,971		34,534
Interest expense, net	—		—		(4,692)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—		—		(9,608)
Convertible redeemable preferred stock dividends	(16,270)		(15,513)		(12,623)

[2]

Excludes amortization of intangible assets, which is presented separately in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

[3]

Stock-based compensation expense is included in the line items above as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Cost of revenues	$	533	$	1,144	$	1,603
Selling and marketing	380		1,021		1,791
Research and development	411		827		1,079
General and administrative	3,211		5,186		9,375
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	4,535	$	8,178	$	13,848

[4]

Adjusted retroactively for the Reverse Stock Split, refer to Footnote 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

Revenue Recognition

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue Recognition

The following table presents the Company's revenue disaggregated by solution group, geographical market and timing of transfer of products and services. The Company attributes revenue to geographical markets based on the location of the customer. The Company has one reportable segment in accordance with ASC 280, Segment Reporting; as such, the disaggregation of revenue below reconciles directly to its unique reportable segment.


	Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022		2021
By solution group:
Digital Ad Solutions	$	208,833	$	212,510	$	221,979
Cross Platform Solutions	162,510		163,913		145,034
Total	$	371,343	$	376,423	$	367,013
By geographical market:
United States	$	335,785	$	337,862	$	321,891
Europe	18,738		19,007		26,250
Latin America	6,986		7,843		6,952
Canada	5,666		7,604		7,630
Other	4,168		4,107		4,290
Total	$	371,343	$	376,423	$	367,013
By timing of revenue recognition:
Products and services transferred over time	$	315,093	$	312,723	$	288,439
Products and services transferred at a point in time	56,250		63,700		78,574
Total	$	371,343	$	376,423	$	367,013

Contract Balances

The following table provides information about receivables, contract assets, contract liabilities and customer advances from contracts with customers:


	As of December 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022
Accounts receivable, net	$	63,826	$	68,457
Current and non-current contract assets	8,833		6,736
Current contract liabilities	48,912		52,944
Current customer advances	11,076		11,527
Non-current contract liabilities	605		887

Current and non-current contract assets as of December 31, 2023 increased from the prior year primarily due to revenue recognition ahead of contract billings for license fees in connection with multi-year agreements that will be billed over the contract term.

Significant changes in the current contract liabilities balances are as follows:



	Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022
Revenue recognized that was included in the opening contract liabilities balance	$	(49,470)	$	(49,265)
Cash received or amounts billed in advance and not recognized as revenue	44,349		48,705

Remaining Performance Obligations

As of December 31, 2023, approximately $230 million of revenue is expected to be recognized from remaining performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) for non-cancelable contracts with an original expected duration of longer than one year. The Company expects to recognize revenue on approximately 51% of these remaining performance obligations in 2024, and approximately 29% in 2025, with the remainder recognized thereafter.

The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts.

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Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Examination [Line Items]
Income tax expense	$ 1,533	$ 1,724	$ 859
Current foreign, state and local tax expense	1,600
Income tax adjustment related to impairment of goodwill	20,900	12,700
Increase in valuation allowance	15,100	18,500	16,300
Income tax expense from permanent book and tax differences	700	2,600	9,200
Deferred tax expense (benefit)	(35)	(475)	(1,719)
Current income tax expense	1,568	2,199	2,578
Current tax expense related to foreign taxes	1,309	1,921	2,173
Federal deferred tax (benefit) expense	(128)	8	(1,538)
True up adjustments for foreign earnings taxable in the U.S			8,300
Deferred tax assets, valuation allowance	251,253	250,994	233,843
Liabilities for unrecognized tax benefit	700	600
Unrecognized tax benefits that would affect the effective tax rate	2,000	2,000	2,000
Unrecognized tax benefits to be reversed in next year due expiration of statue of limitation	200
Unrecognized tax benefits, accrued interest and penalties	200	$ 200
Federal
Income Tax Examination [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	559,500
Operating loss carryforwards, utilizable amount	456,700
State
Income Tax Examination [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	1,500,000
Foreign
Income Tax Examination [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	10,800
Research & development credit carryforward
Income Tax Examination [Line Items]
Tax credit carryforward	$ 3,200
Shareablee
Income Tax Examination [Line Items]
Federal and state deferred tax benefit is an income tax benefit related to valuation allowance			$ 2,800

Organizational Restructuring - Narrative (Details) - the Restructuring Plan $ in Millions	Sep. 19, 2022 USD ($)
Minimum
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Estimated cost remaining	$ 10
Maximum
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Estimated cost remaining	$ 15

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Income Taxes - Schedule of Income Tax Provision (Benefit) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Current:
Federal	$ 0	$ 51	$ 0
State	259	227	405
Foreign	1,309	1,921	2,173
Total	1,568	2,199	2,578
Deferred:
Federal	(128)	8	(1,538)
State	(687)	16	198
Foreign	780	(499)	(379)
Total	(35)	(475)	(1,719)
Income tax provision	$ 1,533	$ 1,724	$ 859

Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Schedule of Valuation Assumptions for Stock Options

The fair values of options at the date of grant, or when assumed by the Company, were estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model utilizing the following assumptions:



	2022	2021
Dividend yield (1)	0.0%	0.0%
Expected volatility (2)	68.2 - 69.2%	33.2% - 72.4%
Risk-free interest rate (3)	3.2% - 4.2%	0.1% - 1.4%
Expected life of options (in years) (4)	6.18 - 6.25	0.25 - 9.81

(1) The Company has never declared or paid a cash dividend on its Common Stock and has no plans to pay cash dividends on Common Stock in the foreseeable future.

(2) Volatility is a measure of the amount by which a financial variable such as a share price has fluctuated (historical volatility) or is expected to fluctuate (expected volatility) during a period. The Company considered the historical volatility of its stock price over a term similar to the expected life of the options in determining expected volatility.

(3) The Company used rates on the grant date of zero-coupon government bonds with maturities over periods covering the term of the awards.

(4) This is the period of time that the options granted are expected to remain outstanding. Options under the Company's plans generally have a contractual term of 10 years and generally must be exercised within 30 to 90 days following termination of service.

Schedule of Stock Options Activity

A summary of options granted, exercised, forfeited and expired during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 is included below:


	Number of Shares	Weighted-Average Exercise Price
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2020	49,859	$	196.40
Options assumed (1)	49,443	23.40


Options expired	(10,150)	296.60
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2021	89,152	$	89.00
Options granted	47,400	50.00
Options exercised	(4,848)	27.00
Options forfeited	(3,114)	146.60
Options expired	(14,391)	291.40
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2022	114,199	$	48.40

Options exercised	(150)	18.20
Options forfeited	(760)	26.64
Options expired	(4,626)	96.42
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2023	108,663	$	46.56
Options exercisable as of December 31, 2023	70,181	$	45.86

(1) Excludes 875 stock options settled in cash in lieu of the issuance of Common Stock of the Company.

Schedule of Options Outstanding Range of Exercise Prices

The following table summarizes information about options outstanding, and exercisable, as of December 31, 2023:


	Options Outstanding				Options Exercisable
Range of Exercise Prices	Options Outstanding	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)	Options Exercisable	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)
$11.40 - $50.00	88,114	$	37.34	7.02	49,722	$	29.31	5.80
$64.20 - $107.60	20,247	75.20		5.90	20,157	75.15		5.90
$816.00	302	816.00		0.62	302	816.00		0.62
	108,663	$	46.56	6.79	70,181	$	45.86	5.81

Schedule of Unvested Stock Awards

A summary of the stock awards granted, vested and forfeited during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 is presented as follows. RSU awards with undelivered shares are classified as unvested until the date of delivery of the shares.


Unvested Stock Awards	Restricted Stock Units	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Unvested as of December 31, 2020	91,261	$	139.80
Granted	229,630	62.60
Assumed	2,785	62.80
Vested	(118,148)	93.60
Forfeited	(4,017)	270.60
Unvested as of December 31, 2021	201,511	$	75.20
Granted	117,929	40.80

Vested	(74,656)	80.20
Forfeited	(12,554)	120.80
Unvested as of December 31, 2022	232,230	$	53.80
Granted	234,171	19.08
Vested	(152,422)	23.11
Forfeited	(255)	47.60
Unvested as of December 31, 2023	313,724	$	42.38

Organizational Restructuring - Schedule of Accrued Restructuring Expenses and Changes in Accrued Amounts (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring expense	$ 6,234	$ 5,810	$ 0
the Restructuring Plan
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring expense	6,234	5,810
Payments	(5,804)	(4,589)
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Accrued Beginning Balance	1,288
Payments	(5,804)	(4,589)
Foreign exchange	(88)	67
Accrued Ending Balance	1,630	1,288
Severance and Related Costs \| the Restructuring Plan
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring expense	5,464	4,578
Payments	(5,140)	(3,357)
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Accrued Beginning Balance	1,288
Payments	(5,140)	(3,357)
Foreign exchange	(88)	67
Accrued Ending Balance	1,524	1,288
Other \| the Restructuring Plan
Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]
Restructuring expense	770	1,232
Payments	(664)	(1,232)
Restructuring Reserve [Roll Forward]
Accrued Beginning Balance	0
Payments	(664)	(1,232)
Foreign exchange	0	0
Accrued Ending Balance	$ 106	$ 0

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares) | shares

Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity - Schedule of Stock Option Activity (Details) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Number of shares
Options outstanding, beginning balance (in shares)	114,199	89,152	49,859
Options assumed (in shares)			49,443
Options expired (in shares)	(4,626)	(14,391)	(10,150)
Options granted (in shares)	0	47,400	0
Options exercised (in shares)	(150)	(4,848)
Options forfeited (in shares)	(760)	(3,114)
Options outstanding, ending balance (in shares)	108,663	114,199	89,152
Options exercisable (in shares)	70,181
Weighted-Average Exercise Price
Options outstanding, beginning balance (in dollars per share)	$ 48.40	$ 89.00	$ 196.40
Options granted (in dollars per share)			23.40
Options exercised (in dollars per share)	18.20	27.00
Options forfeited (in dollars per share)	26.64	146.60
Options assumed (in dollar per share)		50.00
Options expired (in dollars per share)	96.42	291.40	296.60
Options outstanding, ending balance (in dollars per share)	46.56	$ 48.40	$ 89.00
Options exercisable (in dollars per share)	$ 45.86
Stock options settled in lieu of cash (shares)	875

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Useful Lives of Finite Lived Intangible Assets (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023
Acquired methodologies and technology \| Minimum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets useful life (in years)	5 years
Acquired methodologies and technology \| Maximum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets useful life (in years)	7 years
Acquired software
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets useful life (in years)	2 years
Customer relationships \| Minimum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets useful life (in years)	6 years
Customer relationships \| Maximum
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets useful life (in years)	11 years
Intellectual property
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Finite-lived intangible assets useful life (in years)	16 years

Business Combination - Schedule of Definite-lived Intangible Assets (Details) - Shareablee $ in Thousands	Dec. 16, 2021 USD ($)
Business Acquisition
Fair Value	$ 12,644
Property and equipment, net	$ 4,578
Customer relationships
Business Acquisition
Finite-lived intangible assets useful life (in years)	5 years
Fair Value	$ 6,600
Acquired methodologies and technology
Business Acquisition
Finite-lived intangible assets useful life (in years)	5 years
Fair Value	$ 6,044
Definite lived intangible assets before allocation	$ 10,600

Related Party Transactions - Narrative (Details)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 26, 2023

Jun. 15, 2023

Nov. 06, 2022

USD ($)

Jun. 30, 2022

USD ($)

Jun. 30, 2021

USD ($)

Mar. 10, 2021

USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2023

USD ($)

board_member

Dec. 31, 2022

USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2021

USD ($)

May 15, 2023

Dec. 31, 2020

Dec. 31, 2018

4,755,141

4,605,247

Temporary equity, deferred dividend rate, percentage

0.095

Preferred stock dividend rate (percent)

9.50%

7.50%

Convertible redeemable preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares) | shares

82,527,609

Dividends payable

$ 7,900,000

$ 15,500,000

$ 4,800,000

$ 16,270,000

^[1]

15,513,000

^[1]

$ 12,623,000

^[1]

^[1]

371,343,000

376,423,000

367,013,000

Interest expense

^[1]

1,445,000

915,000

7,801,000

Conversion shares issued

^[2]

9,608,000

Dividends payable

24,100,000

16,270,000

15,513,000

12,623,000

Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares) | shares

11,420,000

14,934,000

16,285,000

Interest expense

$ 0

4,692,000

WPP | Related Party

565,968

Ownership percentage common stock outstanding shares

11.90%

$ 8,281,000

$ 11,677,000

13,595,000

Charter | Related Party

Number of directors designated to the company's board | board_member

33.30%

Convertible redeemable preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares) | shares

27,509,203

Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares) | shares

$ 2,001,000

$ 2,262,000

1,849,000

Pine | Related Party

109,654

Ownership percentage common stock outstanding shares

2.30%

Number of directors designated to the company's board | board_member

33.30%

Convertible redeemable preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares) | shares

27,509,203

Payments to acquire machinery and equipment

$ 2,500,000

Qurate | Related Party

Convertible redeemable preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares) | shares

33.30%

27,509,203

Charter Operating | License Fees in the First Year

900,000

$ 900,000

800,000

Charter Operating | License Fees in the Tenth Year of Term

$ 10,000,000

Charter Operating | License Fee Credits

$ 32,300,000

Charter Operating | Related Party

$ 7,000,000

Agreement term (in years)

10 years

Starboard Value LP | Initial Notes | Convertible senior notes

Conversion shares issued

$ 9,600,000

Starboard Value LP | Beneficial owner

Ownership percentage common stock outstanding shares

5.00%

Starboard Value LP | Beneficial owner | Initial Notes | Convertible senior notes

$ 0

Interest expense

$ 6,600,000

Converted shares issued (in shares) | shares

157,500

Conversion shares issued

$ 9,600,000

Liberty | Related Party

Number of directors designated to the company's board | board_member

33.30%

Convertible redeemable preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares) | shares

27,509,203

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

$ 0

[1]

Transactions with related parties are included in the line items above as follows (refer to Footnote 14, Related Party Transactions, for further information):


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Revenues	$	11,420	$	14,934	$	16,285
Cost of revenues	29,265		26,971		34,534
Interest expense, net	—		—		(4,692)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—		—		(9,608)
Convertible redeemable preferred stock dividends	(16,270)		(15,513)		(12,623)

[2]

Transactions for these line items were exclusively with related parties (refer to Footnote 5, Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity, Footnote 6, Debt, and Footnote 14, Related Party Transactions, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information). Gross proceeds from related parties for the issuance of convertible redeemable preferred stock were $204.0 million.

Revenue Recognition - Schedule of Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction
Revenue, remaining performance obligation	$ 230
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, percentage	51.00%
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period	1 year
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, percentage	29.00%
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period	1 year
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2026-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period

Leases - Schedule of Future Expected Cash Receipts from Subleases (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
2024	$ 1,692
2025	1,566
2026	1,537
2027	825
2028 and thereafter	0
Total expected sublease receipts	$ 5,620

Accrued Expenses (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Schedule of Accrued Expenses


	As of December 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022

Accrued data costs	$	15,529	$	18,515
Payroll and payroll-related	10,604		15,118

Professional fees	2,203		2,410
Restructuring accrual	1,630		1,288
Other	4,456		6,062

Total accrued expenses	$	34,422	$	43,393

Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity - Schedule of Nonvested Stock Awards (Details) - Restricted Stock Units - $ / shares		12 Months Ended
	Dec. 16, 2021	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Unvested Stock Awards
Unvested as of beginning of period (in shares)		232,230	201,511	91,261
Granted (in shares)		234,171	117,929	229,630
Assumed (in shares)	2,785			2,785
Vested (in shares)		(152,422)	(74,656)	(118,148)
Forfeited (in shares)		(255)	(12,554)	(4,017)
Unvested as of end of period (in shares)		313,724	232,230	201,511
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Unvested at beginning of period (in dollars per share)		$ 53.80	$ 75.20	$ 139.80
Granted (in dollars per share)		19.08	40.80	62.60
Assumed (in dollars per share)				62.80
Vested (in dollars per share)		23.11	80.20	93.60
Forfeited (in dollars per share)		47.60	120.80	270.60
Unvested at end of period (in dollars per share)		$ 42.38	$ 53.80	$ 75.20

Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity - Schedule of Weighted-Average Assumptions (Details) - Stock Options	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award
Dividend yield		0.00%	0.00%
Expected volatility, minimum		68.20%	33.20%
Expected volatility, maximum		69.20%	72.40%
Risk-free interest rate, minimum		3.20%	0.10%
Risk-free interest rate, maximum		4.20%	1.40%
Plan term (in years)	10 years
Minimum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award
Expected life of options (in years)		6 years 2 months 4 days	3 months
Exercise period following termination	30 days
Maximum
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award
Expected life of options (in years)		6 years 3 months	9 years 9 months 21 days
Exercise period following termination	90 days

Revenue Recognition - Schedule of Contract Balances (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Accounts receivable, net	$ 63,826	$ 68,457
Current and non-current contract assets	8,833	6,736
Current contract liabilities	48,912	52,944
Current customer advances	11,076	11,527
Non-current contract liabilities	$ 605	$ 887

Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity

2021 Issuance of Preferred Stock

On March 10, 2021 (the "Closing Date"), the Company entered into separate Securities Purchase Agreements with each of Charter Communications Holding Company, LLC ("Charter"), Qurate Retail, Inc. ("Qurate") and Pine Investor, LLC ("Pine") (the "Securities Purchase Agreements"). The issuance of securities pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreements (the "Transactions") and related matters were

approved by the Company's stockholders on March 9, 2021 and completed on March 10, 2021. At the closing of the Transactions, the Company issued and sold (a) to Charter, 27,509,203 shares of Preferred Stock in exchange for $68.0 million, (b) to Qurate, 27,509,203 shares of Preferred Stock in exchange for $68.0 million and (c) to Pine, 27,509,203 shares of Preferred Stock in exchange for $68.0 million. The shares were issued at a par value of $0.001. Net proceeds from the Transactions totaled $187.9 million after deducting issuance costs.

On May 16, 2023, Qurate sold 27,509,203 shares of Preferred Stock to Liberty Broadband Corporation ("Liberty") in a privately negotiated transaction.

The Transactions and related agreements include the following rights:

Registration Rights

On the Closing Date, the Company entered into a Registration Rights Agreement (the "RRA") with the holders of the Preferred Stock (together with any other party that may become a party to the RRA), pursuant to which, among other things, and on the terms and subject to certain limitations set forth therein, the Company was obligated to file a registration statement registering the sale or distribution of shares of Preferred Stock or Common Stock held by any holder, including any shares of Common Stock acquired by any holder pursuant to the conversion of the Preferred Stock, and any other securities issued or issuable with respect to any such shares of Common Stock or Preferred Stock by way of share split, share dividend, distribution, recapitalization, merger, exchange, replacement or similar event or otherwise (the "Registrable Securities"). In addition, pursuant to the RRA, the holders have the right to require the Company, subject to certain limitations, to effect a sale of any or all of their Registrable Securities by means of an underwritten offering or an underwritten block trade or bought deal.

On August 30, 2021, the Company filed a registration statement on Form S-3 with respect to the Registrable Securities. The registration statement on Form S-3 became effective on September 21, 2021.

Conversion Provisions

The Preferred Stock is convertible at the option of the holders at any time into a number of shares of Common Stock based on a conversion rate set in accordance with the Certificate of Designations of the Preferred Stock. The conversion rate is calculated as the product of (i) the conversion factor and (ii) the quotient of (A) the sum of the initial purchase price and accrued dividends with respect to each share of Preferred Stock divided by (B) the initial purchase price. The conversion right is subject to certain anti-dilution adjustments and customary provisions related to partial dividend periods. Due to the Reverse Stock Split effected on December 20, 2023, the conversion factor was adjusted to 0.05 pursuant to the Certificate of Designations of the Preferred Stock. As of December 31, 2023, each share of Preferred Stock was convertible into 0.055915 shares of Common Stock, with such assumed conversion rate scheduled to return to 0.05 upon payment of accrued dividends.

At any time after the fifth anniversary of the Closing Date, the Company may elect to convert all of the outstanding shares of Preferred Stock into shares of Common Stock if (i) the closing sale price of the Company's Common Stock is greater than 140% of the conversion price as of such time, as may be adjusted pursuant to the Certificate of Designations, for certain periods, and (ii) the pro rata share of an aggregate of $100.0 million in dividends has been paid with respect to each share of Preferred Stock that was outstanding on the Closing Date and remains outstanding.

As of December 31, 2023, no shares of Preferred Stock have been converted into Common Stock.

Voting Rights

The holders of the Preferred Stock are entitled to vote as a single class with the holders of the Common Stock, with a vote equal to the number of shares of Common Stock into which the Preferred Stock could be converted, except that the conversion rate for this purpose will be equal to the product of the applicable conversion factor and 0.98091271. Each holder of Preferred Stock is subject to a voting threshold, which limits such holder's voting rights in the event that the holder's Preferred Stock represents voting rights that exceed 16.66% of the Company's Common Stock (including the Preferred Stock on an as-converted basis).

Dividend Rights

The holders of Preferred Stock are entitled to participate in all dividends declared on the Common Stock on an as-converted basis and are also entitled to a cumulative dividend at the rate of 7.5% per annum, payable annually in arrears (on June 30 of each year) and subject to increase under certain specified circumstances. The annual dividend accrues on a daily basis from and including the issuance date of such shares, whether or not declared. In the event the annual dividends are not paid on the annual payment date, the dividends otherwise payable on such date shall continue to accrue and cumulate at a rate of 9.5% per annum, until such failure is cured.

In addition, the holders of Preferred Stock are entitled to request, and the Company will take all actions reasonably necessary to pay, a one-time dividend ("Special Dividend") equal to the highest dividend that the Company's Board determines can be paid at the applicable time (or a lesser amount agreed upon by the holders), subject to additional conditions and limitations set forth in a Stockholders Agreement entered into by the Company and the holders on the Closing Date (the "Stockholders Agreement"). As set forth in the Stockholders Agreement, the Company may be obligated to obtain debt financing in order to effectuate the Special Dividend.

On June 30, 2021, in accordance with the Certificate of Designations of the Preferred Stock, the Company paid cash dividends totaling $4.8 million to the holders of the Preferred Stock, representing dividends accrued for the period from the Closing Date through June 29, 2021.

On June 30, 2022, in accordance with the Certificate of Designations, the Company paid cash dividends totaling $15.5 million to the holders of the Preferred Stock, representing dividends accrued for the period from June 30, 2021 through June 29, 2022.

At the annual meeting of stockholders of the Company held on June 15, 2023 (the "Annual Meeting"), the Company's stockholders approved proposals permitting the payment of annual dividends on the Preferred Stock in the form of cash, shares of Common Stock, additional shares of Preferred Stock, or a combination thereof, subject to conditions set forth in the Certificate of Designations. On the same date, each holder of Preferred Stock waived its right to receive on June 30, 2023 the annual dividends otherwise payable by the Company on that date (the "June Waivers"). Upon receipt of the June Waivers, the Company's Board elected to defer the June 30, 2023 payment. Under the June Waivers and the Certificate of Designations, the deferred dividends would accrue and accumulate at a rate of 9.5% per year from June 30, 2023 until declared and paid, with payment to occur on or before December 31, 2023.

On December 26, 2023, each holder of Preferred Stock waived its right to receive the deferred dividends on or before December 31, 2023 (the "December Waivers"). Under the December Waivers and the Certificate of Designations, the deferred dividends will continue to accrue at a rate of 9.5% per year until paid, with payment to occur on or before June 30, 2024, subject to certain conditions.

Anti-Dilution Adjustments

The Preferred Stock is subject to anti-dilution adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events, including issuance of certain dividends or distributions to holders of Common Stock, split or combination of Common Stock, reclassification of Common Stock into a greater or lesser number of shares, or certain repurchases of Common Stock, subject to limitations set forth in the Certificate of Designations.

Liquidation Preference and Change of Control Provisions

The Preferred Stock ranks senior to the Common Stock with respect to dividend rights and rights on the distribution of assets in the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Company, and ranks junior to secured and unsecured indebtedness. The Preferred Stock has a liquidation preference equal to the higher of (i) the initial purchase price, increased by accrued dividends per share, and (ii) the amount per share of Preferred Stock that a holder would have received if such holder, immediately prior to such liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Company, converted such share into Common Stock.

The Preferred Stock includes a change of control put option which allows the holders of the Preferred Stock to require the Company to repurchase such holders' shares at a purchase price equal to the initial purchase price, increased by accrued dividends. The change of control put option was determined to be a derivative liability under ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging. As of December 31, 2023, the probability of a change of control was determined to be remote, and the fair value of the change of control derivative was determined to be negligible. To the extent the holders of the Preferred Stock do not exercise the put option in a covered change of control, the Company has the right to redeem the remaining Preferred Stock at a redemption price equal to the initial purchase price, increased by accrued dividends.

As described above, the Preferred Stock is contingently redeemable upon certain deemed liquidation events, such as a change in control. Because a deemed liquidation event could constitute a redemption event outside of the Company's control, all shares of Preferred Stock have been presented outside of permanent equity in mezzanine equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

2019 Issuance and Sale of Common Stock and Warrants

On June 23, 2019, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with CVI Investments, Inc. ("CVI"), pursuant to which CVI agreed to purchase (i) 136,425 shares of Common Stock (the "Initial Shares"), at a price of $146.60 per share and (ii) Series A Warrants, Series B-1 Warrants, Series B-2 Warrants and Series C Warrants, for aggregate gross proceeds of $20.0 million (the "Private Placement"). The Private Placement closed on June 26, 2019 (the "CVI Closing Date"). The Series B-1 Warrants and Series B-2 Warrants expired in 2020.

The Series C Warrants were exercised on October 10, 2019. As a result of this exercise, the Company issued 136,425 shares of Common Stock to CVI on October 14, 2019. In addition, the number of shares issuable under the Series A Warrants was increased by 136,425.

The Series A Warrants are exercisable by the holders for a period of five years from the CVI Closing Date and are currently exercisable into 272,851 shares of Common Stock, which is equal to the Initial Shares plus the number of shares issued pursuant to the exercise of the Series C Warrants (described above). The exercise price for the Series A Warrants was $240.00 upon issuance but was subsequently adjusted, as described below. The Series A Warrants may be exercised for cash or through a net settlement feature under certain circumstances.

The exercise price for the Series A Warrants is subject to anti-dilution adjustment in certain circumstances, including upon certain issuances of capital stock. Upon the issuance of the Preferred Stock, the Company adjusted the exercise price of the Series A Warrants from $240.00 to $49.438 per share, the closing price of the Transactions. On March 15, 2023, the Company granted Common Stock awards to certain non-executive employees valued at $20.20 per share (the closing price of the Common Stock on March 15, 2023) under the Company's annual incentive compensation plan, resulting in a further adjustment of the Series A Warrants exercise price from $49.438 to $20.20 per share. The estimated fair value of the Series A Warrants immediately after the exercise price adjustment on March 15, 2023 was $1.7 million, reflecting an increase of $1.0 million compared to the value as of December 31, 2022.

CVI will not have the right to exercise any warrant that would result in CVI beneficially owning more than 4.99% of the outstanding Common Stock after giving effect to such exercise. CVI has the right, in its discretion, to raise this threshold up to 9.99% with 60 days' notice to the Company. In addition, if and to the extent the exercise of any warrants would, together with the issuances of the Initial Shares and the shares issued pursuant to the exercise of any other warrants, result in the issuance of 20.0% or more of the outstanding Common Stock of the Company on the CVI Closing Date (the "Exchange Cap"), the Company intends to, in lieu of issuing such shares, settle the obligation to issue such shares in cash.

The estimated fair value of the warrants as of December 31, 2023 was $0.7 million. Refer to Footnote 7, Fair Value Measurements, for further information.

2013 Stock Option/Issuance Plan

On December 16, 2021, the Company assumed certain equity awards outstanding under the Shareablee, Inc. 2013 Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plan (the "2013 Plan") in connection with the acquisition of Shareablee described in Footnote 3, Business Combination. The Company registered the securities issuable under the 2013 Plan with the SEC on December 23, 2021. The 2013 Plan expired on June 21, 2023. As a result, there are no shares remaining available for future equity awards under the 2013 Plan as of December 31, 2023.

2018 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan

The Company's stockholders approved the 2018 Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan (the "2018 Plan") at the Company's 2018 Annual Meeting, approved an amendment and restatement of the 2018 Plan at the Company's 2020 Annual Meeting, and approved further amendments of the 2018 Plan at the Company's 2022 and 2023 Annual Meetings. Under the 2018 Plan, as amended, the Company may grant option rights, appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, performance shares and performance units up to 1,892,500 shares of Common Stock. The aggregate number of shares of Common Stock available will be reduced by: (i) one share of Common Stock for every one share of Common Stock subject to an award of option rights or appreciation rights granted under the 2018 Plan and (ii) two shares of Common Stock for every one share of Common Stock subject to an award other than option rights or appreciation rights granted under the 2018 Plan. If any award granted under the 2018 Plan (in whole or in part) is canceled or forfeited, expires, is settled in cash, or is unearned, the shares of Common Stock subject to such award will, to the extent of such cancellation, forfeiture, expiration, cash settlement, or unearned amount, again be available at a rate of one share of Common Stock for every one share of Common Stock subject to awards of option rights or appreciation rights and two shares of Common Stock for every one share of Common Stock subject to awards other than of option rights or appreciation rights. The Company registered the securities under the 2018 Plan with the SEC effective June 1, 2018. The maximum number of shares available for future issuance under the 2018 Plan as of December 31, 2023 (excluding outstanding awards) is 340,728.

Stock Options

The Company's Compensation Committee (or Board of Directors, as applicable) approved and awarded 47,400 options for the year ended December 31, 2022 under the 2018 Plan to employees. No options were approved and awarded for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2021 under the 2018 Plan.

The fair values of options at the date of grant, or when assumed by the Company, were estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model utilizing the following assumptions:



	2022	2021
Dividend yield (1)	0.0%	0.0%
Expected volatility (2)	68.2 - 69.2%	33.2% - 72.4%
Risk-free interest rate (3)	3.2% - 4.2%	0.1% - 1.4%
Expected life of options (in years) (4)	6.18 - 6.25	0.25 - 9.81

(1) The Company has never declared or paid a cash dividend on its Common Stock and has no plans to pay cash dividends on Common Stock in the foreseeable future.

(3) The Company used rates on the grant date of zero-coupon government bonds with maturities over periods covering the term of the awards.

A summary of options granted, exercised, forfeited and expired during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 is included below:


	Number of Shares	Weighted-Average Exercise Price
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2020	49,859	$	196.40
Options assumed (1)	49,443	23.40


Options expired	(10,150)	296.60
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2021	89,152	$	89.00
Options granted	47,400	50.00
Options exercised	(4,848)	27.00
Options forfeited	(3,114)	146.60
Options expired	(14,391)	291.40
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2022	114,199	$	48.40

Options exercised	(150)	18.20
Options forfeited	(760)	26.64
Options expired	(4,626)	96.42
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2023	108,663	$	46.56
Options exercisable as of December 31, 2023	70,181	$	45.86

(1) Excludes 875 stock options settled in cash in lieu of the issuance of Common Stock of the Company.

The following table summarizes information about options outstanding, and exercisable, as of December 31, 2023:


	Options Outstanding				Options Exercisable
Range of Exercise Prices	Options Outstanding	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)	Options Exercisable	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)
$11.40 - $50.00	88,114	$	37.34	7.02	49,722	$	29.31	5.80
$64.20 - $107.60	20,247	75.20		5.90	20,157	75.15		5.90
$816.00	302	816.00		0.62	302	816.00		0.62
	108,663	$	46.56	6.79	70,181	$	45.86	5.81

The intrinsic value of exercised stock options is calculated based on the difference between the exercise price and the quoted market price of the Company's Common Stock as of the close of the exercise date. The aggregate intrinsic value for options exercised was zero, $0.1 million and zero for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value for all options exercisable was zero, $0.1 million and $0.5 million under the Company's stock plans as of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value for all options outstanding was zero, $0.1 million and $2.2 million under the Company's stock plans as of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

As of December 31, 2023, the total unrecognized compensation expense related to outstanding, but not yet exercisable, options is $0.8 million, which the Company expects to recognize over a weighted-average vesting period of approximately 2.4 years.

Stock Awards

The Company's outstanding stock awards are comprised of RSUs, including time-based, performance-based and market-based RSUs.

During 2023, the Company's Compensation Committee (or Board of Directors, as applicable) approved and awarded 234,171 time-based RSUs (of which 136,525 RSUs related to the settlement of an accrued 2022 annual incentive plan liability and vested immediately) under the 2018 Plan and the 2013 Plan to employees and directors of the Company. No market-based RSUs were awarded for the year ended December 31, 2023.

During 2022, the Company's Compensation Committee (or Board of Directors, as applicable) approved and awarded 86,929 time-based RSUs (of which 33,965 RSUs related to the settlement of an accrued 2021 annual incentive plan liability and vested immediately) and 31,000 market-based RSUs under the 2018 Plan to employees and directors of the Company. The market-based RSUs vest over 10 years and are contingent on certain stock-price hurdles.

During 2021, the Company's Compensation Committee (or Board of Directors, as applicable) approved and awarded 123,234 time-based RSUs (of which 70,664 RSUs related to the settlement of an accrued 2020 annual incentive plan liability and vested immediately) and 106,396 performance-based RSUs under the 2018 Plan to employees and directors of the Company. The performance-based RSUs pertained to awards approved by the Company's Board of Directors as part of the Transactions on January 7, 2021, which awards included the closing of the Transactions as an implied performance condition. Of these performance-based RSUs, 38,634 vested immediately upon the closing of the Transactions. The remaining performance-based RSUs generally vest after one to three years contingent on continued service.

On December 16, 2021, the Company assumed all outstanding RSUs representing the right to receive shares of Shareablee common stock as part of the Merger. Each assumed Shareablee RSU was converted into 0.01652185 RSUs of the Company, resulting in 2,785 RSUs of the Company. Each assumed Shareablee RSU is otherwise subject to the same terms and conditions (including as to vesting and issuance) as were applicable under the respective Shareablee RSU immediately prior to the Merger.


Unvested Stock Awards	Restricted Stock Units	Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Unvested as of December 31, 2020	91,261	$	139.80
Granted	229,630	62.60
Assumed	2,785	62.80
Vested	(118,148)	93.60
Forfeited	(4,017)	270.60
Unvested as of December 31, 2021	201,511	$	75.20
Granted	117,929	40.80

Vested	(74,656)	80.20
Forfeited	(12,554)	120.80
Unvested as of December 31, 2022	232,230	$	53.80
Granted	234,171	19.08
Vested	(152,422)	23.11
Forfeited	(255)	47.60
Unvested as of December 31, 2023	313,724	$	42.38

The aggregate intrinsic value for all unvested RSUs outstanding was $5.2 million, $5.4 million, and $13.5 million as of December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

As of December 31, 2023, total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested RSUs was $2.2 million, which the Company expects to recognize over a weighted-average vesting period of approximately 2.0 years.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	$ (798)	$ (1,173)	$ (2,757)
Bad debt (expense) benefit	(236)	(312)	80
Recoveries	(99)	(126)	(161)
Write-offs	519	813	1,665
Ending Balance	$ (614)	$ (798)	$ (1,173)

Commitments and Contingencies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

The Company has certain long-term contractual arrangements that have fixed and determinable payment obligations including unconditional purchase obligations with MVPDs and other providers for set-top box and connected (Smart) television data. These agreements have remaining terms from one to seven years. As of December 31, 2023, the total fixed payment obligations related to set-top box and connected television data agreements are $298.5 million and $30.4 million, respectively.

The information set forth below summarizes the contractual obligations, by year, as of December 31, 2023:


	(In thousands)
2024	$	49,699
2025	45,556
2026	51,918
2027	44,031
2028	39,756
Thereafter	97,944
Total	$	328,904

Contingencies

The Company is involved in various legal proceedings from time to time. The Company establishes reserves for specific legal proceedings when management determines that the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome is probable, and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company has also identified certain other legal matters where an unfavorable outcome is reasonably possible and/or for which no estimate of possible losses can be made. In these cases, the Company does not establish a reserve until it can reasonably estimate the loss. Legal fees related to contingencies are expensed as incurred. The outcomes of legal proceedings are inherently unpredictable, subject to significant uncertainties, and could be material to the Company's operating results and cash flows for a particular period.

Current Matters

The Company is, and may become, a party to a variety of legal proceedings from time to time that arise in the normal course of the Company's business. While the results of such legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, management believes that, based on current knowledge, the final outcome of any such current pending matters will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Regardless of the outcome, legal proceedings can have an adverse effect on the Company because of defense costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.

Indemnification

The Company has entered into indemnification agreements with each of the Company's directors and certain officers, and the Company's amended and restated certificate of incorporation requires it to indemnify each of its directors and officers, to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director or officer of the Company. The Company has paid and may in the future pay legal counsel fees incurred by current and former directors and officers who are involved in legal proceedings that require indemnification.

Similarly, certain of the Company's commercial contracts require it to indemnify contract counterparties under specified circumstances, and the Company may incur legal counsel fees and other costs in connection with these obligations.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN CONVERTIBLE REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Parenthetical) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Gross proceeds from issuance of redeemable preferred stock from related parties	$ 204.0

Revenue Recognition - Narrative (Details)	12 Months Ended
Revenue Recognition - Narrative (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023 segment
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Number of reportable segments	1

Property and Equipment (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of Property and Equipment Under Capital Lease Obligations


	As of December 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022
Computer equipment	$	65,975	$	64,653
Capitalized internal-use software	95,094		72,672
Leasehold improvements	15,571		15,456
Computer software (including software license arrangements of $1,365 in 2023 and 2022)	8,402		8,400
Finance leases	13,113		9,918
Office equipment, furniture, and other	5,186		5,164




Total property and equipment	203,341		176,263
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization (including software license arrangements of $1,350 in 2023 and $1,243 in 2022)	(161,767)		(139,896)
Total property and equipment, net	$	41,574	$	36,367

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Impairment of goodwill	$ 34,100,000	$ 44,100,000	$ 46,300,000	$ 78,200,000	$ 46,300,000	$ 0
Amortization of intangible assets				$ 5,213,000	$ 27,096,000	$ 25,038,000

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2022

USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2021

USD ($)

Operating activities:

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:

$ (79,361,000)

$ (66,561,000)

$ (50,037,000)

Impairment of goodwill

78,200,000

46,300,000

Depreciation

19,778,000

16,828,000

15,793,000

Non-cash operating lease expense

5,456,000

6,060,000

5,345,000

Amortization of intangible assets

5,213,000

27,096,000

25,038,000

Amortization expense of finance leases

4,535,000

8,178,000

13,848,000

1,929,000

2,364,000

2,188,000

Impairment of right-of-use and long-lived assets

1,502,000

156,000

Change in fair value of contingent consideration liability

350,000

2,558,000

Deferred tax provision

(35,000)

(475,000)

(1,719,000)

Change in fair value of warrant liability

(49,000)

(9,802,000)

7,689,000

Non-cash interest expense on senior secured convertible notes

^[1]

9,629,000

^[1]

^[2]

4,692,000

^[2]

Accretion of debt discount

1,620,000

Change in fair value of financing derivatives

(1,800,000)

Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effect of acquisition:

1,947,000

1,910,000

1,380,000

Accounts receivable

4,781,000

2,596,000

(2,081,000)

Prepaid expenses and other assets

2,185,000

(805,000)

(1,145,000)

Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities

(4,121,000)

7,396,000

(4,210,000)

Contract liability and customer advances

(5,517,000)

(1,587,000)

(10,777,000)

Operating lease liabilities

(7,867,000)

(7,275,000)

(5,597,000)

Net cash provided by operating activities

28,926,000

34,937,000

9,856,000

Investing activities:

Capitalized internal-use software costs

(22,206,000)

(16,685,000)

(14,747,000)

Purchases of property and equipment

(1,580,000)

(1,137,000)

(803,000)

Cash and restricted cash acquired from acquisition

902,000

Net cash used in investing activities

(23,786,000)

(17,822,000)

(14,648,000)

Financing activities:

Principal payments on finance leases

(2,066,000)

(2,519,000)

(2,138,000)

Contingent consideration payment at initial value

(1,037,000)

Payments for dividends on convertible redeemable preferred stock

^[2]

(15,512,000)

^[2]

(4,760,000)

^[2]

Proceeds from borrowings on revolving line of credit

16,000,000

Proceeds from issuance of convertible redeemable preferred stock, net of issuance costs

^[2]

187,885,000

^[2]

Net cash used in financing activities

(291,000)

(101,000)

(1,394,000)

(3,394,000)

(18,132,000)

(22,452,000)

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

748,000

(820,000)

(1,218,000)

Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

2,494,000

(1,837,000)

(28,462,000)

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period

20,442,000

22,279,000

50,741,000

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period

22,936,000

20,442,000

22,279,000

Cash and cash equivalents

22,750,000

20,044,000

21,854,000

Restricted cash

186,000

398,000

425,000

Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

22,936,000

20,442,000

22,279,000

Supplemental cash flow disclosures:

Interest paid

1,542,000

652,000

1,009,000

Income taxes paid, net of refunds

2,108,000

1,804,000

1,831,000

Operating cash flows from operating leases

10,922,000

10,364,000

9,623,000

Operating cash flows from finance leases

244,000

338,000

440,000

Supplemental non-cash activities:

Convertible redeemable preferred stock dividends accrued but not yet paid

16,270,000

^[2]

7,863,000

^[2]

7,863,000

^[2]

Settlement of restricted stock unit liability

2,762,000

1,718,000

7,117,000

Change in accounts payable and accrued expenses related to capital expenditures

1,130,000

1,162,000

479,000

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for finance lease liabilities

3,195,000

1,106,000

3,345,000

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities

1,211,000

908,000

5,211,000

Fair value of Common Stock issued in connection with acquisition

25,774,000

Interest paid in Common Stock

^[2]

10,812,000

^[2]

Conversion shares issued as extinguishment cost on senior secured convertible notes

^[2]

9,608,000

^[2]

Fair value of contingent consideration recognized upon closing of acquisition

5,600,000

Convertible senior notes

Financing activities:

Principal payment and extinguishment costs

^[2]

(204,014,000)

^[2]

Secured Term Note

Financing activities:

Principal payment and extinguishment costs

$ 0

$ (14,031,000)

[1]

Transactions with related parties are included in the line items above as follows (refer to Footnote 14, Related Party Transactions, for further information):


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Revenues	$	11,420	$	14,934	$	16,285
Cost of revenues	29,265		26,971		34,534
Interest expense, net	—		—		(4,692)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—		—		(9,608)
Convertible redeemable preferred stock dividends	(16,270)		(15,513)		(12,623)

[2]

Organization	12 Months Ended
Organization	Dec. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Organization	Organization comScore, Inc., together with its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively, "Comscore" or the "Company"), headquartered in Reston, Virginia, is a global information and analytics company that measures audiences, consumer behavior and advertising across media platforms. Operating segments are defined as components of a business that can earn revenues and incur expenses for which discrete financial information is available that is evaluated on a regular basis by the chief operating decision maker ("CODM"). The Company's CODM is its Chief Executive Officer ("CEO"), who decides how to allocate resources and assess performance. The Company has one operating segment. A single management team reports to the CODM, who manages the entire business. The Company's CODM reviews consolidated results of operations to make decisions, allocate resources and assess performance and does not evaluate the profit or loss from any separate geography or product line.

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net loss	$ (79,361)	$ (66,561)	$ (50,037)

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

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Schedule of Financial Instruments Measured At Fair Value On Recurring Basis

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

The Company's financial instruments measured at fair value in its Consolidated Balance Sheets on a recurring basis consist of the following:


	As of								As of
	December 31, 2023								December 31, 2022
(In thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Money market funds (1)	$	112	$	—	$	—	$	112	$	2,455	$	—	$	—	$	2,455

Liabilities
Contingent consideration liability (2)	$	—	$	4,806	$	—	$	4,806	$	—	$	8,158	$	—	$	8,158
Warrants liability (3)	—		—		669		669		—		—		718		718
Total	$	—	$	4,806	$	669	$	5,475	$	—	$	8,158	$	718	$	8,876

(1) Level 1 cash equivalents are invested in money market funds that are intended to maintain a stable net asset value of $1.00 per share by investing in liquid, high quality U.S. Dollar-denominated money market instruments with maturities less than three months.

(2) The contingent consideration was recognized as part of the acquisition described in Footnote 3, Business Combination. The contingent consideration liability is classified as current in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2022, the current portion of the contingent consideration liability was $7.1 million. The non-current portion of consideration liability was $1.0 million and is classified within other non-current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

(3) Warrants liability includes only the Series A warrants as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. Warrants liability is classified within other current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Schedule of Changes in Level 3 Fair Valued Instruments

The following tables present the changes in the Company's recurring Level 3 fair value measurements for the warrants liability and contingent consideration for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:


(In thousands)	Warrants Liability		Contingent Consideration Liability
Balance as of December 31, 2021	$	10,520	$	5,600
Total gain included in other income (expense), net	(9,802)		—
Total loss recognized due to remeasurement (1)	—		2,348
Transfer to Level 2 (2)	—		(7,948)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	718	$	—
Total gain included in other income (expense), net	(49)		—
Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	669	$	—

(1) The loss due to remeasurement of the contingent consideration liability was recorded in general and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

(2) The transfer was due to the resolution of the contingency regarding the amount of consideration payable during the three months ended June 30, 2022. Transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy are recognized at the beginning of the reporting period.

Schedule of Valuation Techniques And Unobservable Inputs For Level 3 Liabilities

The following table displays the valuation technique and the significant inputs, certain of which are unobservable, for the Company's Level 3 liabilities that existed as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis.

Fair value measurements

Valuation Technique

Significant Inputs

December 31, 2023

December 31, 2022

Warrants liability

Option pricing

Stock price

$16.70

$23.20

Exercise price

$20.20

$49.44

Volatility

75.0%

65.0%

Term

0.49 years

1.49 years

Risk-free rate

5.3%

4.6%

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Schedule of Estimated Future Amortization of Acquired Intangible Assets (Detail) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
2024	$ 3,057
2025	2,529
2026	2,529
Thereafter	0
Net Carrying Amount	$ 8,115	$ 13,327

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details)

1 Months Ended

3 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Dec. 20, 2023

Jun. 30, 2022

USD ($)

Dec. 16, 2021

USD ($)

subsidiary

Jun. 30, 2021

USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2021

USD ($)

subsidiary

$ / shares

Dec. 31, 2023

USD ($)

$ / shares

Sep. 30, 2023

USD ($)

office_space

Jun. 30, 2023

USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2022

USD ($)

$ / shares

Sep. 30, 2022

USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2023

USD ($)

reporting_unit

$ / shares

Dec. 31, 2022

USD ($)

$ / shares

Dec. 31, 2021

USD ($)

subsidiary

$ / shares

Dec. 19, 2023

Dec. 12, 2023

$ / shares

Sep. 30, 2021

USD ($)

Mar. 10, 2021

$ / shares

Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares

$ 0.001

Common stock, shares authorized (in shares) | shares

13,750,000

275,000,000

Number of shares authorized (in shares) | shares

118,750,000

380,000,000

Stockholders' equity, reverse stock split

0.05

Convertible redeemable preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares

$ 0.001

Capitalized internally developed software costs

^[1]

$ 0

$ 9,629,000

22,400,000

17,200,000

18,900,000

Depreciation of capitalized software costs

18,100,000

15,100,000

12,800,000

Number of wholly owned subsidiaries | subsidiary

Change in fair value of contingent consideration liability

$ 1,200,000

$ 4,900,000

1,200,000

4,900,000

350,000

2,558,000

Capitalized implementation costs, before accumulated amortization

$ 6,800,000

Capitalized implementation costs, net of accumulated amortization

$ 3,500,000

5,000,000

$ 3,500,000

5,000,000

Amortization period (in years)

5 years

Capitalized implementation costs, amortization expense

$ 1,400,000

1,400,000

700,000

Number of reporting units | reporting_unit

Impairment of goodwill

$ 34,100,000

$ 44,100,000

$ 46,300,000

$ 78,200,000

46,300,000

Operating lease, number of office spaces abandoned | office_space

Impairment of right-of-use assets

$ 1,500,000

Impairment of right-of-use and long-lived assets

$ 200,000

1,502,000

156,000

Fair value of non-cash consideration received

4,200,000

3,900,000

4,000,000

Amounts included in expense related to nonmonetary transactions

4,300,000

4,100,000

3,900,000

Amortized and expensed contract costs

2,700,000

Finance Lease, Liability, Noncurrent, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]

$ 15,500,000

$ 4,800,000

$ 16,270,000

^[1]

$ 15,513,000

^[1]

$ 12,623,000

^[1]

Other Liabilities, Noncurrent

Finance Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]

Other current liabilities

Employees, Directors and Certain Consultants | Restricted Stock Units

Senior Executives | Restricted Stock Units

Forfeiture rate

10.00%

Measurement Input, Discount Rate | Income approach

Forfeiture rate

0.00%

ROU assets and leasehold improvements, measurement input

0.074

Recurring

Series A Warrants | Recurring

$ 4,806,000

$ 8,158,000

$ 4,806,000

$ 8,158,000

4,800,000

Shareablee

Capitalized internally developed software costs

$ 4,600,000

Number of wholly owned subsidiaries | subsidiary

Total purchase consideration

$ 31,373,000

$ 31,400,000

Contingent consideration scheduled payments

$ 8,600,000

5,600,000

$ 5,600,000

3,700,000

Contingent consideration, liability expected to be settled in next twelve months

$ 1,200,000

Minimum

Internal-use software, estimated useful life (in years)

2 years

Minimum | Computer software

Internal-use software, estimated useful life (in years)

2 years

Maximum

Internal-use software, estimated useful life (in years)

10 years

Maximum | Computer software

Internal-use software, estimated useful life (in years)

3 years

Maximum | Shareablee

$ 8,600,000

[1]

Transactions with related parties are included in the line items above as follows (refer to Footnote 14, Related Party Transactions, for further information):


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Revenues	$	11,420	$	14,934	$	16,285
Cost of revenues	29,265		26,971		34,534
Interest expense, net	—		—		(4,692)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—		—		(9,608)
Convertible redeemable preferred stock dividends	(16,270)		(15,513)		(12,623)

Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis

The Company's financial instruments measured at fair value in its Consolidated Balance Sheets on a recurring basis consist of the following:


	As of								As of
	December 31, 2023								December 31, 2022
(In thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Money market funds (1)	$	112	$	—	$	—	$	112	$	2,455	$	—	$	—	$	2,455

Liabilities
Contingent consideration liability (2)	$	—	$	4,806	$	—	$	4,806	$	—	$	8,158	$	—	$	8,158
Warrants liability (3)	—		—		669		669		—		—		718		718
Total	$	—	$	4,806	$	669	$	5,475	$	—	$	8,158	$	718	$	8,876

(3) Warrants liability includes only the Series A warrants as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. Warrants liability is classified within other current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The elimination of the option pricing model used to value the contingent consideration liability reflected a change in the Company's valuation technique during the three months ended June 30, 2022. There were no other changes to the Company's valuation techniques or methodologies during the years ended December 31, 2023 or 2022, respectively.


(In thousands)	Warrants Liability		Contingent Consideration Liability
Balance as of December 31, 2021	$	10,520	$	5,600
Total gain included in other income (expense), net	(9,802)		—
Total loss recognized due to remeasurement (1)	—		2,348
Transfer to Level 2 (2)	—		(7,948)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	718	$	—
Total gain included in other income (expense), net	(49)		—
Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	669	$	—

(1) The loss due to remeasurement of the contingent consideration liability was recorded in general and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

Fair value measurements

Valuation Technique

Significant Inputs

December 31, 2023

December 31, 2022

Warrants liability

Option pricing

Stock price

$16.70

$23.20

Exercise price

$20.20

$49.44

Volatility

75.0%

65.0%

Term

0.49 years

1.49 years

Risk-free rate

5.3%

4.6%

The primary sensitivities in the valuation of the warrants liability are driven by the exercise price, the Common Stock price at the measurement date and the expected volatility of the Common Stock over the remaining term.

Fair Value Measurements on a Nonrecurring Basis

For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded goodwill impairment charges of $78.2 million and $46.3 million, respectively. Refer to Footnote 10, Goodwill, for further details. The remeasurement of goodwill is classified as a non-recurring Level 3 fair value assessment due to the significance of unobservable inputs developed in the determination of the fair value. The Company used a discounted cash flow model to determine the estimated fair value of the reporting unit. The Company made estimates and assumptions regarding future cash flows, discount rates, long-term growth rates and market values to determine the reporting unit's estimated fair value. It is possible that future changes in such circumstances, or in the variables associated with the judgments, assumptions and estimates used in assessing the fair value of the reporting unit, would require the Company to record additional non-cash impairment charges.

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

Income Taxes - Schedule of Deferred Tax Asset Valuation Allowance (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Deferred Tax Valuation Allowance [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	$ 250,994	$ 233,843
Additions from continuing operations	844	17,280
Reductions	(585)	(129)
Ending Balance	$ 251,253	$ 250,994

Organization (Details)	12 Months Ended
Organization (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023 segment
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Number of operating segments	1

Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity - Schedule of Exercise Price Range (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 $ / shares shares
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range
Options Outstanding (in shares) \| shares	108,663
Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 46.56
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)	6 years 9 months 14 days
Options Exercisable (in shares) \| shares	70,181
Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 45.86
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)	5 years 9 months 21 days
$11.40 - $50.00
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range
Lower range (in dollars per share)	$ 11.40
Upper range (in dollars per share)	$ 50.00
Options Outstanding (in shares) \| shares	88,114
Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 37.34
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)	7 years 7 days
Options Exercisable (in shares) \| shares	49,722
Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 29.31
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)	5 years 9 months 18 days
$64.20 - $107.60
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range
Lower range (in dollars per share)	$ 64.20
Upper range (in dollars per share)	$ 107.60
Options Outstanding (in shares) \| shares	20,247
Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 75.20
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)	5 years 10 months 24 days
Options Exercisable (in shares) \| shares	20,157
Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 75.15
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)	5 years 10 months 24 days
$816.00
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range
Upper range (in dollars per share)	$ 816.00
Options Outstanding (in shares) \| shares	302
Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 816.00
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)	7 months 13 days
Options Exercisable (in shares) \| shares	302
Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 816.00
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)	7 months 13 days

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Schedule of Carrying Value of Goodwill (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Goodwill
Beginning balance				$ 387,973,000	$ 435,711,000
Impairment charge	$ (34,100,000)	$ (44,100,000)	$ (46,300,000)	(78,200,000)	(46,300,000)	$ 0
Translation adjustments				587,000	(1,438,000)
Ending balance	$ 310,360,000			$ 310,360,000	$ 387,973,000	$ 435,711,000

Amount after accumulated impairment loss of an asset representing future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized.

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Audit Information	12 Months Ended
Audit Information	Dec. 31, 2023
Audit Information [Abstract]
Auditor Name	Deloitte & Touche LLP
Auditor Firm ID	34
Auditor Location	McLean, Virginia

Property and Equipment

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Property and Equipment


	As of December 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022
Computer equipment	$	65,975	$	64,653
Capitalized internal-use software	95,094		72,672
Leasehold improvements	15,571		15,456
Computer software (including software license arrangements of $1,365 in 2023 and 2022)	8,402		8,400
Finance leases	13,113		9,918
Office equipment, furniture, and other	5,186		5,164




Total property and equipment	203,341		176,263
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization (including software license arrangements of $1,350 in 2023 and $1,243 in 2022)	(161,767)		(139,896)
Total property and equipment, net	$	41,574	$	36,367

For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, depreciation expense was $19.8 million, $16.8 million and $15.8 million, respectively. In addition, amortization expense from finance leases was $1.9 million, $2.4 million and $2.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

Of the Company's property and equipment, net, 99% was located in the United States as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Commitments and Contingencies - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Minimum
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Agreement term (in years)	1 year
Maximum
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Agreement term (in years)	7 years
Set-top Box
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Purchase obligation	$ 298.5
Smart Television Data
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Purchase obligation	$ 30.4

Fair Value Measurements - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
Fair Value Measurements - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Impairment of goodwill	$ 34,100,000	$ 44,100,000	$ 46,300,000	$ 78,200,000	$ 46,300,000	$ 0

Income Taxes - Schedule of Unrecognized Income Tax Benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns
Beginning balance	$ 2,026	$ 2,052	$ 2,078
Increase related to tax positions of the current year	39	25	40
Increase related to tax positions of prior years	10	0	0
Decrease related to tax positions of prior years	(7)	(22)	(20)
Decrease due to lapse in statutes of limitations	(25)	(29)	(46)
Ending balance	$ 2,043	$ 2,026	$ 2,052

Organizational Restructuring

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Organizational Restructuring

On September 29, 2022, the Company communicated a workforce reduction as part of its broader efforts to improve cost efficiency and better align its operating structure and resources with strategic priorities (collectively, the "Restructuring Plan"). In addition to employee terminations, the Restructuring Plan has included the reallocation of commercial and product development resources; reinvestment in and modernization of key technology platforms; consolidation of data storage and processing activities to reduce the Company's data center footprint; and reduction of other operating expenses, including software and facility costs. In connection with the Restructuring Plan, which was authorized by the Board on September 19, 2022, the Company has incurred certain exit-related costs. These costs were estimated to range between $10 million and $15 million. The Company believes that the Restructuring Plan, including cash payments, will be substantially complete in 2024.

The table below summarizes the changes in the accrued amounts for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 and the balance of the restructuring liability as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, which is recorded in accrued expenses in the Consolidated Balance Sheets:


(In thousands)	Severance and Related Costs		Other		Total Restructuring Expense
Restructuring expense	$	4,578	$	1,232	$	5,810
Payments	(3,357)		(1,232)		(4,589)
Foreign exchange	67		—		67
Accrued balance as of December 31, 2022	$	1,288	$	—	$	1,288
Restructuring expense	5,464		770		6,234
Payments	(5,140)		(664)		(5,804)
Foreign exchange	(88)		—		(88)
Accrued balance as of December 31, 2023	$	1,524	$	106	$	1,630

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (Parenthetical) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Dec. 31, 2021

^[1]

$ 371,343

$ 376,423

$ 367,013

^[1],[2],[3]

205,580

205,294

203,044

Interest expense, net

^[1]

(1,445)

(915)

(7,801)

^[1]

(9,629)

^[1]

(16,270)

(15,513)

(12,623)

4,535

8,178

13,848

533

1,144

1,603

Selling and marketing

380

1,021

1,791

Research and development

General and administrative

411

827

1,079

3,211

5,186

9,375

Related Party

11,420

14,934

16,285

Interest expense, net

(4,692)

(9,608)

Related Party | Cost of revenues

(16,270)

(15,513)

(12,623)

Schedule of Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities

$ 29,265

$ 26,971

$ 34,534

[1]

Transactions with related parties are included in the line items above as follows (refer to Footnote 14, Related Party Transactions, for further information):


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Revenues	$	11,420	$	14,934	$	16,285
Cost of revenues	29,265		26,971		34,534
Interest expense, net	—		—		(4,692)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—		—		(9,608)
Convertible redeemable preferred stock dividends	(16,270)		(15,513)		(12,623)

[2]

Excludes amortization of intangible assets, which is presented separately in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

[3]

Stock-based compensation expense is included in the line items above as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Cost of revenues	$	533	$	1,144	$	1,603
Selling and marketing	380		1,021		1,791
Research and development	411		827		1,079
General and administrative	3,211		5,186		9,375
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	4,535	$	8,178	$	13,848

Property and Equipment - Schedule of Property and Equipment Under Capital Lease Obligations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Finance leases	$ 13,113	$ 9,918
Total property and equipment	203,341	176,263
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization (including software license arrangements of $1,350 in 2023 and $1,243 in 2022)	(161,767)	(139,896)
Total property and equipment, net	41,574	36,367
Computer equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	65,975	64,653
Capitalized internal-use software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	95,094	72,672
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	15,571	15,456
Computer software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	8,402	8,400
Software license arrangements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	1,365	1,365
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization (including software license arrangements of $1,350 in 2023 and $1,243 in 2022)	(1,350)	(1,243)
Office equipment, furniture, and other
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property and equipment, gross	$ 5,186	$ 5,164

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Allowance for accounts receivable	$ 614	$ 798
Accounts receivable, net	63,826	68,457
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	30,551	29,090
Accrued expenses	34,422	43,393
Contract liabilities	48,912	52,944
Non-current portion of accrued data costs	$ 32,833	$ 25,106
Convertible redeemable preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Convertible redeemable preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	100,000,000	82,527,609
Convertible redeemable preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	82,527,609	82,527,609
Convertible redeemable preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	82,527,609	82,527,609
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	5,000,000	7,472,391
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	13,750,000	13,750,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	5,093,380	4,943,486
Common stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	4,755,141	4,605,247
Treasury stock (in shares)	338,239	338,239
Related Party
Current assets:
Accounts receivable, net	$ 786	$ 1,034
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	11,996	12,090
Accrued expenses	3,781	4,297
Contract liabilities	1,784	1,341
Non-current portion of accrued data costs	21,908	15,471
Convertible redeemable preferred stock, aggregate liquidation preference	$ 228,132	$ 211,863

Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Maturities of operating and finance lease liabilities as of December 31, 2023 were as follows:


(In thousands)	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
2024	$	10,851	$	2,301
2025	10,149		1,256
2026	10,118		821
2027	6,034		—
2028	139		—
Thereafter	—		—
Total lease payments	37,291		4,378
Less: imputed interest	6,306		394

Total lease liabilities	30,985		3,984
Less: current lease liabilities	7,982		2,126
Total non-current lease liabilities	$	23,003	$	1,858

Schedules of Lease Cost and Supplemental Cash Flow Information

The components of lease cost were as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022		2021
Finance lease cost
Amortization of right-of-use assets	$	1,929	$	2,364	$	2,188
Interest on lease liabilities	244		338		440
Total finance lease cost	$	2,173	$	2,702	$	2,628

Operating lease cost
Fixed lease cost	$	9,231	$	11,174	$	11,212
Short-term lease cost	86		150		336
Variable lease cost	1,077		1,369		1,622
Sublease income	(2,001)		(2,572)		(2,530)
Total operating lease cost	$	8,393	$	10,121	$	10,640

Lease costs, net of sublease income, are reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022		2021
Amortization of right-of-use assets
Cost of revenues	$	574	$	1,747	$	1,617
Selling and marketing	629		263		243
Research and development	470		216		200
General and administrative	256		138		128
Total amortization of right-of-use assets	$	1,929	$	2,364	$	2,188

Operating lease cost
Cost of revenues	$	2,497	$	3,030	$	3,126
Selling and marketing	2,738		3,391		3,461
Research and development	2,044		2,382		2,367
General and administrative	1,114		1,318		1,686
Total operating lease cost	$	8,393	$	10,121	$	10,640

Schedule of Maturities of Finance Lease Liabilities

Maturities of operating and finance lease liabilities as of December 31, 2023 were as follows:


(In thousands)	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
2024	$	10,851	$	2,301
2025	10,149		1,256
2026	10,118		821
2027	6,034		—
2028	139		—
Thereafter	—		—
Total lease payments	37,291		4,378
Less: imputed interest	6,306		394

Total lease liabilities	30,985		3,984
Less: current lease liabilities	7,982		2,126
Total non-current lease liabilities	$	23,003	$	1,858

Schedule of Future Expected Cash Receipts From Subleases

Future expected cash receipts from these subleases as of December 31, 2023 were as follows:


(In thousands)	Sublease Receipts
2024	$	1,692
2025	1,566
2026	1,537
2027	825
2028 and thereafter	—

Total expected sublease receipts	$	5,620

Accrued Expenses

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

Accrued Expenses


	As of December 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022

Accrued data costs	$	15,529	$	18,515
Payroll and payroll-related	10,604		15,118

Professional fees	2,203		2,410
Restructuring accrual	1,630		1,288
Other	4,456		6,062

Total accrued expenses	$	34,422	$	43,393

Property and Equipment - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Depreciation expense	$ 19,778	$ 16,828	$ 15,793
Amortization of right-of-use assets	$ 1,929	$ 2,364	$ 2,188
Geographic Concentration Risk \| Property and equipment, net \| United States
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Concentration risk (as a percent)	99.00%	99.00%

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Parenthetical) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Statement of Cash Flows [Abstract]
Gross proceeds from issuance of redeemable preferred stock from related parties	$ 204.0

Commitment and Contingencies - Schedule of Contractual Obligation (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
2024	$ 49,699
2025	45,556
2026	51,918
2027	44,031
2028	39,756
Thereafter	97,944
Total	$ 328,904

Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of Reconciliation of Level 3 Fair Valued Instruments (Details) - Level 3 - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Warrants Liability
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	$ 718	$ 10,520
Total gain included in other income (expense), net	(49)	(9,802)
Total loss recognized due to remeasurement		0
Transfer to Level 2		0
Ending Balance	669	718
Contingent Consideration Liability
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	0	5,600
Total gain included in other income (expense), net	0	0
Total loss recognized due to remeasurement		2,348
Transfer to Level 2		(7,948)
Ending Balance	$ 0	$ 0

Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

The Company has finance leases for computer equipment and automobiles and operating leases for real estate. These leases have remaining lease terms of less than one year to four years, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to five years, and some of which include options to terminate the leases within one year. As of December 31, 2023, the weighted average remaining lease term for the Company's finance leases and operating leases was 2.1 years and 3.5 years, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, the weighted average discount rate for the Company's finance leases and operating leases was 9.5% and 11.1%, respectively.

The components of lease cost were as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022		2021
Finance lease cost
Amortization of right-of-use assets	$	1,929	$	2,364	$	2,188
Interest on lease liabilities	244		338		440
Total finance lease cost	$	2,173	$	2,702	$	2,628

Operating lease cost
Fixed lease cost	$	9,231	$	11,174	$	11,212
Short-term lease cost	86		150		336
Variable lease cost	1,077		1,369		1,622
Sublease income	(2,001)		(2,572)		(2,530)
Total operating lease cost	$	8,393	$	10,121	$	10,640

Lease costs, net of sublease income, are reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022		2021
Amortization of right-of-use assets
Cost of revenues	$	574	$	1,747	$	1,617
Selling and marketing	629		263		243
Research and development	470		216		200
General and administrative	256		138		128
Total amortization of right-of-use assets	$	1,929	$	2,364	$	2,188

Operating lease cost
Cost of revenues	$	2,497	$	3,030	$	3,126
Selling and marketing	2,738		3,391		3,461
Research and development	2,044		2,382		2,367
General and administrative	1,114		1,318		1,686
Total operating lease cost	$	8,393	$	10,121	$	10,640

Maturities of operating and finance lease liabilities as of December 31, 2023 were as follows:


(In thousands)	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
2024	$	10,851	$	2,301
2025	10,149		1,256
2026	10,118		821
2027	6,034		—
2028	139		—
Thereafter	—		—
Total lease payments	37,291		4,378
Less: imputed interest	6,306		394

Total lease liabilities	30,985		3,984
Less: current lease liabilities	7,982		2,126
Total non-current lease liabilities	$	23,003	$	1,858

As of December 31, 2023, the Company subleases five real estate properties. Two subleases have a non-cancelable term of less than one year. The remaining three subleases are non-cancelable and have remaining lease terms of one year to four years. None of these subleases contain any options to renew or terminate the sublease agreement. Future expected cash receipts from these subleases as of December 31, 2023 were as follows:


(In thousands)	Sublease Receipts
2024	$	1,692
2025	1,566
2026	1,537
2027	825
2028 and thereafter	—

Total expected sublease receipts	$	5,620

Leases

The components of lease cost were as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022		2021
Finance lease cost
Amortization of right-of-use assets	$	1,929	$	2,364	$	2,188
Interest on lease liabilities	244		338		440
Total finance lease cost	$	2,173	$	2,702	$	2,628

Operating lease cost
Fixed lease cost	$	9,231	$	11,174	$	11,212
Short-term lease cost	86		150		336
Variable lease cost	1,077		1,369		1,622
Sublease income	(2,001)		(2,572)		(2,530)
Total operating lease cost	$	8,393	$	10,121	$	10,640

Lease costs, net of sublease income, are reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022		2021
Amortization of right-of-use assets
Cost of revenues	$	574	$	1,747	$	1,617
Selling and marketing	629		263		243
Research and development	470		216		200
General and administrative	256		138		128
Total amortization of right-of-use assets	$	1,929	$	2,364	$	2,188

Operating lease cost
Cost of revenues	$	2,497	$	3,030	$	3,126
Selling and marketing	2,738		3,391		3,461
Research and development	2,044		2,382		2,367
General and administrative	1,114		1,318		1,686
Total operating lease cost	$	8,393	$	10,121	$	10,640

Maturities of operating and finance lease liabilities as of December 31, 2023 were as follows:


(In thousands)	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
2024	$	10,851	$	2,301
2025	10,149		1,256
2026	10,118		821
2027	6,034		—
2028	139		—
Thereafter	—		—
Total lease payments	37,291		4,378
Less: imputed interest	6,306		394

Total lease liabilities	30,985		3,984
Less: current lease liabilities	7,982		2,126
Total non-current lease liabilities	$	23,003	$	1,858


(In thousands)	Sublease Receipts
2024	$	1,692
2025	1,566
2026	1,537
2027	825
2028 and thereafter	—

Total expected sublease receipts	$	5,620

Leases

The components of lease cost were as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022		2021
Finance lease cost
Amortization of right-of-use assets	$	1,929	$	2,364	$	2,188
Interest on lease liabilities	244		338		440
Total finance lease cost	$	2,173	$	2,702	$	2,628

Operating lease cost
Fixed lease cost	$	9,231	$	11,174	$	11,212
Short-term lease cost	86		150		336
Variable lease cost	1,077		1,369		1,622
Sublease income	(2,001)		(2,572)		(2,530)
Total operating lease cost	$	8,393	$	10,121	$	10,640

Lease costs, net of sublease income, are reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022		2021
Amortization of right-of-use assets
Cost of revenues	$	574	$	1,747	$	1,617
Selling and marketing	629		263		243
Research and development	470		216		200
General and administrative	256		138		128
Total amortization of right-of-use assets	$	1,929	$	2,364	$	2,188

Operating lease cost
Cost of revenues	$	2,497	$	3,030	$	3,126
Selling and marketing	2,738		3,391		3,461
Research and development	2,044		2,382		2,367
General and administrative	1,114		1,318		1,686
Total operating lease cost	$	8,393	$	10,121	$	10,640

Maturities of operating and finance lease liabilities as of December 31, 2023 were as follows:


(In thousands)	Operating Leases		Finance Leases
2024	$	10,851	$	2,301
2025	10,149		1,256
2026	10,118		821
2027	6,034		—
2028	139		—
Thereafter	—		—
Total lease payments	37,291		4,378
Less: imputed interest	6,306		394

Total lease liabilities	30,985		3,984
Less: current lease liabilities	7,982		2,126
Total non-current lease liabilities	$	23,003	$	1,858


(In thousands)	Sublease Receipts
2024	$	1,692
2025	1,566
2026	1,537
2027	825
2028 and thereafter	—

Total expected sublease receipts	$	5,620

Related Party Transactions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Related Party Transactions

Transactions with WPP

As of December 31, 2023 (based on public filings), WPP plc and its affiliates ("WPP") owned 565,968 shares of the Company's outstanding Common Stock, representing 11.9% of the outstanding Common Stock. The Company provides WPP, in the normal course of business, services amongst its different products and receives various services from WPP supporting the Company's data collection efforts.

The Company's results from transactions with WPP, as reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss, are detailed below:


	Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022		2021
Revenues	$	8,281	$	11,677	$	13,595
Cost of revenues	9,350		9,391		12,537

The Company has the following balances related to transactions with WPP, as reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets:


	As of December 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022
Assets
Accounts receivable, net	$	525	$	825

Liabilities
Accounts payable	$	1,673	$	2,398
Accrued expenses	399		1,108
Contract liabilities	1,447		1,132

Transactions with Charter, Qurate, Liberty and Pine

Through May 15, 2023, Charter, Qurate and Pine each held 33.3% of the outstanding shares of Preferred Stock. On May 16, 2023, Qurate sold its Preferred Stock to Liberty, and as of December 31, 2023, Charter, Liberty and Pine each hold 33.3% of the outstanding shares of Preferred Stock. Charter, Liberty and Pine are entitled to convert the Preferred Stock into shares of Common Stock and to vote as a single class with the holders of the Common Stock as set forth in the Certificate of Designations. As of December 31, 2023 (based on public filings), Pine also owned 109,654 shares of the Company's outstanding Common Stock, representing 2.3% of the outstanding Common Stock. In addition, Charter, Liberty and Pine each designated two members of the Company's Board in accordance with the Stockholders Agreement.

At the Annual Meeting on June 15, 2023, the Company's stockholders approved proposals permitting the payment of annual dividends on the Preferred Stock in the form of cash, shares of Common Stock, additional shares of Preferred Stock, or a combination thereof, subject to conditions set forth in the Certificate of Designations. On the same date, each holder of Preferred Stock waived its right to receive on June 30, 2023 the annual dividends otherwise payable by the Company on that date. Under the waivers and the Certificate of Designations, the deferred dividends would accrue at a rate of 9.5% per year from June 30, 2023 until declared and paid, with payment to occur on or before December 31, 2023.

On December 26, 2023, each holder of Preferred Stock waived its right to receive the deferred dividends on or before December 31, 2023. Under these most recent waivers and the Certificate of Designations, the deferred dividends will continue to accrue at a rate of 9.5% per year until paid, with payment to occur on or before June 30, 2024, subject to certain conditions.

As of December 31, 2023, Charter, Liberty and Pine each owned 27,509,203 shares of the Company's outstanding Preferred Stock. As of December 31, 2023, total accrued dividends to the holders of Preferred Stock were $24.1 million.

As of December 31, 2022, Charter, Qurate and Pine each owned 27,509,203 shares of the Company's outstanding Preferred Stock. On June 30, 2022, the Company made cash dividend payments totaling $15.5 million to the holders of the Preferred Stock, representing dividends accrued for the period from June 30, 2021 through June 29, 2022. Accrued dividends to the holders of Preferred Stock as of December 31, 2022 totaled $7.9 million.

Concurrent with the closing of the Transactions on March 10, 2021, the Company entered into a ten-year Data License Agreement ("DLA") with Charter Communications Operating, LLC ("Charter Operating"), an affiliate of Charter. Under the DLA, Charter Operating will bill the Company for license fees according to a payment schedule that gradually increases from $10.0 million in the first year of the term to $32.3 million in the tenth year of the term. The Company recognizes expense for the license fees ratably over the term. On November 6, 2022, the Company and Charter Operating entered into an amendment to the DLA, pursuant to which the Company will receive license fee credits totaling $7.0 million. In June 2023, the Company exchanged correspondence with counsel to Charter Operating regarding Charter Operating's compliance with certain terms of the DLA. In response, Charter Operating denied the Company's concerns and notified the Company of alleged

breaches of the DLA by the Company. If either party were to terminate the DLA, all amounts then due to Charter Operating would be immediately due and payable, and Charter Operating could seek liquidated damages as set forth in the DLA. To date, however, neither party has indicated that it intends to terminate the DLA, and the parties are discussing a resolution to the matter.

The Company's results from transactions with Charter and its affiliates, as reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss, are detailed below:


	Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022		2021
Revenues	$	2,001	$	2,262	$	1,849
Cost of revenues	19,914		17,580		21,998

The Company has the following liability balances related to transactions with Charter and its affiliates, as reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheet:


	As of December 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022
Accounts payable	$	10,323	$	9,693
Accrued expenses	3,382		3,189
Non-current portion of accrued data costs	21,908		15,471

The Company recognized revenues of $0.9 million, $0.9 million and $0.8 million from transactions with Qurate and its affiliates in the normal course of business during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, as reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

In 2023, the Company entered into a finance lease with a third-party vendor that is not a related party. In conjunction with this transaction, the third-party vendor purchased equipment for $2.5 million from a Pine affiliate (related party). The Company had no additional transactions with Pine for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

The Company had no transactions with Liberty for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Transactions with Starboard

In 2018, the Company entered into certain agreements with Starboard, then a beneficial owner of more than 5.0% of the Company's outstanding Common Stock. Refer to Footnote 6, Debt, for further information regarding these agreements and the Company's issuance of Notes to Starboard in 2018. As a result of these agreements and the transactions contemplated thereby, Starboard ceased to be a beneficial owner of more than 5.0% of the Company's outstanding Common Stock in January 2018. In addition, pursuant to a prior agreement with Starboard, the Company provided Starboard the right to designate certain members to the Company's Board. As of December 31, 2018, Starboard had no remaining right to designate any directors to the Board. The Notes and related financing derivatives were extinguished on March 10, 2021.

In the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss, the Company recorded interest expense, inclusive of non-cash accretion of issuance discount and deferred financing costs, related to the Notes of $6.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2021.

In connection with the extinguishment of the Notes on March 10, 2021, the Company issued 157,500 Conversion Shares to Starboard valued at $9.6 million as discussed in Footnote 6, Debt, which amount was included as a component of loss on extinguishment of debt in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

The Company had no outstanding balances related to Starboard as of December 31, 2023 or 2022.

The entire disclosure for related party transactions. Examples of related party transactions include transactions between (a) a parent company and its subsidiary; (b) subsidiaries of a common parent; (c) and entity and its principal owners; and (d) affiliates.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 5
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-5

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-6

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 235
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481062/946-235-50-2

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 235
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (e)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481062/946-235-50-2

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 850
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-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-1

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 220
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.6-07(2)(g)(3))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483575/946-220-S99-1

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 220
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
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Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 850
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Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 850
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Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-1

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 850
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483326/850-10-50-1

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Other Income (Expense), Net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Change in fair value of financing derivatives	$ 0	$ 0	$ 1,800
Change in fair value of warrants liability	49	9,802	(7,689)
Other	(7)	(17)	111
Total other income (expense), net	$ 42	$ 9,785	$ (5,778)

Debt (Details)

2 Months Ended

3 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Feb. 24, 2023

USD ($)

Feb. 25, 2022

USD ($)

May 05, 2021

USD ($)

Mar. 10, 2021

USD ($)

Jan. 25, 2021

USD ($)

Mar. 10, 2021

Mar. 31, 2021

USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2023

USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2022

USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2021

USD ($)

Feb. 24, 2022

USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2018

USD ($)

Revolving line of credit

$ 16,000,000

$ 0

Paid-in-kind interest

^[1]

$ 10,812,000

Gross proceeds

$ 204,000,000

Debt conversion amount

^[1]

9,608,000

^[2]

$ 0

$ 9,629,000

Line of credit

Letters of credit outstanding

3,200,000

Convertible senior notes | Starboard Value LP | Initial Notes

Issuance of PIK Interest Shares (in shares) | shares

Face value of note

$ 204,000,000

Paid-in-kind interest

4,700,000

$ 6,100,000

140,122

68,166

Debt conversion amount

$ 9,600,000

Convertible senior notes | Starboard Value LP | Initial Notes | Beneficial owner

$ 9,300,000

Converted shares issued (in shares) | shares

157,500

Debt conversion amount

$ 9,600,000

Revolving credit facility

Revolving credit facility | Line of credit

Revolving line of credit

16,000,000

Maximum borrowing capacity

$ 40,000,000

$ 25,000,000

Maturity period (in years)

3 years

Minimum liquidity requirement

$ 28,000,000

Remaining borrowing capacity

$ 20,800,000

Revolving credit facility | Line of credit | Debt Covenant Period 1

Revolving credit facility | Line of credit | Debt Covenant Period 2

22,000,000

Revolving credit facility | Line of credit | Debt Covenant Period 3

24,000,000

Revolving credit facility | Line of credit | Debt Covenant Period 4

32,000,000

Revolving credit facility | Line of credit | Minimum

$ 35,000,000

Consolidated asset coverage ratio

2.0

Fixed charge coverage ratio

1.25

Revolving credit facility | Line of credit | Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR)

Letter of credit | Line of credit

Variable rate

3.50%

2.50%

Maximum borrowing capacity

$ 5,000,000

[1]

[2]

Transactions with related parties are included in the line items above as follows (refer to Footnote 14, Related Party Transactions, for further information):


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Revenues	$	11,420	$	14,934	$	16,285
Cost of revenues	29,265		26,971		34,534
Interest expense, net	—		—		(4,692)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—		—		(9,608)
Convertible redeemable preferred stock dividends	(16,270)		(15,513)		(12,623)

Debt	12 Months Ended
Debt	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract]
Debt	Debt Revolving Credit Agreement On May 5, 2021, the Company entered into a senior secured revolving credit agreement (the "Revolving Credit Agreement") among the Company, as borrower, certain subsidiaries of the Company, as guarantors, Bank of America N.A., as administrative agent (in such capacity, the "Agent"), and the lenders from time to time party thereto. The Revolving Credit Agreement had an original borrowing capacity equal to $25.0 million and bore interest on borrowings at a Eurodollar Rate (as defined in the Revolving Credit Agreement) that was based on LIBOR. The Company may also request the issuance of letters of credit under the Revolving Credit Agreement in an aggregate amount up to $5.0 million, which reduces the amount of available borrowings by the amount of such issued and outstanding letters of credit. The facility has a maturity of three years from the closing date of the agreement. On February 25, 2022, the Company entered into an amendment (the "2022 Amendment") to the Revolving Credit Agreement to expand its aggregate borrowing capacity from $25.0 million to $40.0 million. The 2022 Amendment also replaced the Eurodollar Rate with a SOFR-based interest rate and modified the Applicable Rate definition in the Revolving Credit Agreement to increase the Applicable Rate payable on SOFR-based loans to 2.50%. Finally, the 2022 Amendment modified certain financial covenants under the Revolving Credit Agreement. On February 24, 2023, the Company entered into an additional amendment (the "2023 Amendment") to the Revolving Credit Agreement. Among other things, the 2023 Amendment (i) increased the minimum Consolidated EBITDA and Consolidated Asset Coverage Ratio financial covenant requirements under the Revolving Credit Agreement, (ii) modified the measurement periods for certain financial covenants contained in the Revolving Credit Agreement, (iii) introduced a minimum liquidity covenant, and (iv) modified the Applicable Rate definition in the Revolving Credit Agreement to increase the Applicable Rate payable on SOFR-based loans to 3.50%. As modified, the Revolving Credit Agreement requires the Company to maintain: •minimum Consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Revolving Credit Agreement) of not less than $22.0 million, $24.0 million, $32.0 million and $35.0 million for the most recently ended four fiscal quarter period, tested as of the last day of the fiscal quarters ending on March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31, 2023, respectively; •a minimum Consolidated Asset Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Revolving Credit Agreement) of not less than 2.0 to 1.0, tested as of the last day of each calendar month through maturity of the Revolving Credit Agreement; •a minimum Consolidated Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (as defined in the Revolving Credit Agreement) of not less than 1.25 to 1.0 for the most recently ended four fiscal quarter period, tested as of the last day of each fiscal quarter ending on or after March 31, 2024; and •minimum Liquidity (as defined in the Revolving Credit Agreement) of $28.0 million, tested as of the last business day of each calendar month through maturity of the Revolving Credit Agreement. The Revolving Credit Agreement contains restrictive covenants that limit the Company's ability to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness or liens, make investments and loans, enter into mergers and acquisitions, make or declare dividends and other payments, enter into certain contracts, sell assets and engage in transactions with affiliates. The Revolving Credit Agreement is also subject to customary events of default, including a change in control. If an event of default occurs and is continuing, the Agent or the Required Lenders may accelerate any amounts outstanding and terminate lender commitments. The Company was in compliance with the covenants under the Revolving Credit Agreement as of December 31, 2023. The Revolving Credit Agreement is guaranteed by the Company and its domestic subsidiaries (other than Excluded Subsidiaries (as defined in the Revolving Credit Agreement)) and is secured by a first lien security interest in substantially all assets of the Company and its domestic subsidiaries (other than Excluded Subsidiaries), subject to certain customary exclusions. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had outstanding borrowings of $16.0 million, and issued and outstanding letters of credit of $3.2 million, under the amended Revolving Credit Agreement, with remaining borrowing capacity of $20.8 million. During the second quarter of 2023, the Company reclassified the outstanding borrowings to current liabilities from non-current liabilities as the facility matures in May 2024. Senior Secured Convertible Notes and Financing Derivatives During 2018, the Company entered into certain agreements with funds affiliated with or managed by Starboard Value LP (collectively, "Starboard"), pursuant to which the Company issued and sold to Starboard a total of $204.0 million in Notes, as well as warrants to purchase shares of the Company's Common Stock. The warrants were exercised in full by Starboard in 2019. The Notes contained, among other features, an interest rate reset feature which the Company determined represented an embedded derivative that must be bifurcated and accounted for separately from the Notes. This feature reset the interest rate on the Notes based on the trading price of the Company's Common Stock. Interest on the Notes was payable on a quarterly basis in arrears, at the option of the Company, in cash, or, subject to certain conditions, through the issuance by the Company of additional shares of Common Stock ("PIK Interest Shares"). On January 25, 2021, the Company paid quarterly accrued interest of $6.1 million through the issuance of 140,122 PIK Interest Shares. In connection with the Transactions described in Footnote 5, Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity, the Company used cash proceeds of $204.0 million from the issuance of shares of its Preferred Stock to extinguish the Notes and related financing derivatives on March 10, 2021. The Company also issued 157,500 additional shares of Common Stock to Starboard (the "Conversion Shares"), as additional creditor consideration, which were valued at $9.6 million. Lastly, the Company paid interest accrued of $4.7 million for the period from January 1, 2021 to March 10, 2021 through the issuance of 68,166 PIK Interest Shares. The Company recorded a loss on extinguishment of the Notes of $9.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Schedule of Weighted Average Remaining Amortization Period (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023
Acquired methodologies and technology
Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted average remaining amortization period (in years)	3 years
Acquired software
Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted average remaining amortization period (in years)	1 year
Customer relationships
Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted average remaining amortization period (in years)	3 years
Intellectual property
Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Weighted average remaining amortization period (in years)	8 months 12 days

Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity - Narrative (Details)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands

2 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Dec. 26, 2023

Jun. 15, 2023

May 16, 2023

Jun. 30, 2022

USD ($)

Dec. 16, 2021

Jun. 30, 2021

USD ($)

Mar. 10, 2021

USD ($)

$ / shares

Jan. 07, 2021

Oct. 14, 2019

Jun. 26, 2019

USD ($)

$ / shares

Mar. 15, 2023

USD ($)

$ / shares

Dec. 31, 2023

USD ($)

$ / shares

Dec. 31, 2022

USD ($)

$ / shares

Dec. 31, 2021

USD ($)

$ / shares

Dec. 20, 2023

Dec. 19, 2023

Mar. 14, 2023

$ / shares

Oct. 10, 2019

Jun. 23, 2019

Jun. 04, 2018

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award

Convertible redeemable preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share) | $ / shares

$ 0.001

Net proceeds | $

^[1]

$ 187,885

Conversion ratio (in shares)

0.055915

Mandatory conversion, percentage of common stock original purchase price

140.00%

Mandatory conversion, pro rata share of aggregate dividends paid | $

$ 100,000

Mandatory conversion period (in years)

5 years

Shares converted (in shares)

Voting class, conversion ratio

0.98091271

Cap of common stock voting class (as a percent)

16.66%

Preferred stock dividend rate (percent)

9.50%

7.50%

Preferred stock cumulative dividend rate (percent)

9.50%

Convertible redeemable preferred stock dividends | $

$ 15,500

$ 4,800

$ 16,270

^[2]

$ 15,513

^[2]

12,623

^[2]

Temporary equity, deferred dividend rate, percentage

0.095

Common Stock warrants exercised (in shares)

136,425

Warrants liability | $

700

Change in fair value of warrant liability | $

$ (49)

$ (9,802)

$ 7,689

Number of shares authorized (in shares)

118,750,000

380,000,000

Options granted (in shares)

47,400

Options assumed (in shares)

49,443

Options exercised (in shares)

150

4,848

Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised | $

$ 0

$ 100

$ 0

Aggregate intrinsic value of options exercisable | $

100

500

Aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding | $

$ 100

$ 2,200

Total unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options | $

$ 800

Weighted-average period expected to recognize compensation expense (in years)

2 years 4 months 24 days

Restricted Stock Units

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award

Conversion rate of shares assumed

0.01652185

Vested and delivered stock awards shares (in shares)

234,171

117,929

229,630

152,422

74,656

118,148

Assumed (in shares)

2,785

Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award

Weighted-average period expected to recognize compensation expense (in years)

2 years

Aggregate intrinsic value for non-vested shares | $

$ 5,200

$ 5,400

$ 13,500

Total unrecognized compensation expense | $

$ 2,200

2018 Plan | Time-Based Restricted Stock Units | Employees, Directors and Certain Consultants

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award

Vested and delivered stock awards shares (in shares)

234,171

86,929

123,234

136,525

33,965

70,664

2018 Plan | Time-Based Restricted Stock Units | Employees, Directors and Certain Consultants | Minimum

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award

Vesting period of equity awards (in years)

1 year

2018 Plan | Time-Based Restricted Stock Units | Employees, Directors and Certain Consultants | Maximum

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award

Vesting period of equity awards (in years)

3 years

2018 Plan | Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units | Employees, Directors and Certain Consultants

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award

2018 Plan | Performance-Based Restricted Stock Units | Employees, Directors and Certain Consultants | Minimum

106,396

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award

Vested and delivered stock awards shares (in shares)

38,634

2018 Plan | Market-based Restricted Stock Units | Employees, Directors and Certain Consultants

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award

Vesting period of equity awards (in years)

31,000

10 years

2018 Plan | Pending equity awards

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award

Number of shares authorized (in shares)

1,892,500

Ratio of reduction of authorized shares per every common stock subject to awards of option rights (in shares)

Ratio of reduction of authorized shares per every common stock subject to awards other than option rights (in shares)

Ratio of availability of number of authorized shares of common stock subject to awards of options rights (in shares)

Ratio of availability of number of authorized shares of common stock subject to awards other than options rights (in shares)

2018 Plan | Pending equity awards | Maximum

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award

Number of shares available for grant (in shares)

340,728

Series A Warrants

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award

Number of shares callable by warrants (in shares)

136,425

Private Placement

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award

136,425

Conversion ratio (in shares)

$ 20,000

0.05

Sale price per share (in dollars per share) | $ / shares

$ 146.60

Maximum common stock ownership percentage

4.99%

Maximum common stock ownership percentage if sixty days notice given

9.99%

Ownership percentage threshold triggering warrants to be settled in cash

20.00%

Private Placement | Series A Warrants

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award

Number of shares callable by warrants (in shares)

272,851

Exercisable period (in years)

5 years

Price of warrants (in dollars per share) | $ / shares

$ 49.438

$ 240.00

$ 20.20

$ 49.438

Warrants liability | $

$ 1,700

Change in fair value of warrant liability | $

$ 1,000

Liberty | Preferred Stock | Qurate

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award

Preferred Stock | Charter | Private Placement

27,509,203

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award

27,509,203

Preferred Stock | Qurate | Private Placement

$ 68,000

Net proceeds | $

$ 187,900

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award

27,509,203

Preferred Stock | Pine | Private Placement

$ 68,000

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award

27,509,203

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

$ 68,000

[1]

[2]

Transactions with related parties are included in the line items above as follows (refer to Footnote 14, Related Party Transactions, for further information):


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Revenues	$	11,420	$	14,934	$	16,285
Cost of revenues	29,265		26,971		34,534
Interest expense, net	—		—		(4,692)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—		—		(9,608)
Convertible redeemable preferred stock dividends	(16,270)		(15,513)		(12,623)

Leases - Narrative (Details)	12 Months Ended
Leases - Narrative (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023 sublease
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lessee, operating lease, option to terminate, term	1 year
Lessee, operating lease, option to extend, term	5 years
Weighted-average remaining lease term - finance leases (in years)	2 years 1 month 6 days
Weighted-average remaining lease - operating leases (in years)	3 years 6 months
Weighted-average discount rate - finance leases	9.50%
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases	11.10%
Number of real estate properties	5
Number of noncancelable short-term subleases	2
Remaining lease term for short-term sublease (less than)	1 year
Number of remaining noncancelable subleased properties	3
Number of subleases containing options to renew or terminate agreement	0
Minimum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lessee, operating lease, remaining lease term	1 year
Remaining lease term for sublease (in years)	1 year
Maximum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lessee, operating lease, remaining lease term	4 years
Remaining lease term for sublease (in years)	4 years

Accrued Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]
Accrued data costs	$ 15,529	$ 18,515
Payroll and payroll-related	10,604	15,118
Professional fees	2,203	2,410
Restructuring accrual	1,630	1,288
Other	4,456	6,062
Total accrued expenses	$ 34,422	$ 43,393

Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Schedule of Carrying Value of Goodwill

The change in the carrying value of goodwill is as follows:


(In thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2021	$	435,711
Impairment charge	(46,300)
Translation adjustments	(1,438)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	387,973
Impairment charge	(78,200)
Translation adjustments	587
Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	310,360

Schedule of Carrying Values of Amortizable Acquired Intangible Assets

The carrying values of the Company's definite-lived intangible assets are as follows:


	As of				As of
	December 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
(In thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Acquired methodologies and technology	$	154,409	$	(150,783)	$	3,626	$	154,388	$	(147,887)	$	6,501
Customer relationships	46,623		(42,663)		3,960		46,557		(40,932)		5,625
Intellectual property	14,366		(14,076)		290		14,356		(13,633)		723
Acquired software	9,765		(9,526)		239		9,765		(9,287)		478
Panel	3,107		(3,107)		—		3,084		(3,084)		—
Trade names	750		(750)		—		753		(753)		—
Other	600		(600)		—		600		(600)		—
Total intangible assets	$	229,620	$	(221,505)	$	8,115	$	229,503	$	(216,176)	$	13,327

Schedule of Weighted Average Remaining Amortization Period

The weighted-average remaining amortization period by major asset class as of December 31, 2023 is as follows:


			(In years)
Acquired methodologies and technology			3.0
Acquired software			1.0
Customer relationships			3.0
Intellectual property			0.7

Schedule of Estimated Future Amortization of Acquired Intangible Assets

The estimated future amortization of intangible assets is as follows:


	(In thousands)
2024	$	3,057
2025	2,529
2026	2,529


Thereafter	—
Total	$	8,115

Tabular disclosure of goodwill by reportable segment and in total which includes a rollforward schedule.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 350
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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Revenue Recognition - Schedule of Changes in Contract Balances (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Revenue recognized that was included in the opening contract liabilities balance	$ (49,470)	$ (49,265)
Cash received or amounts billed in advance and not recognized as revenue	$ 44,349	$ 48,705

Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

The components of loss before income tax provision are as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022		2021
Domestic	$	(79,078)	$	(69,981)	$	(53,202)
Foreign	1,250		5,144		4,024
Total	$	(77,828)	$	(64,837)	$	(49,178)

Income tax provision is as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022		2021
Current:
Federal	$	—	$	51	$	—
State	259		227		405
Foreign	1,309		1,921		2,173
Total	$	1,568	$	2,199	$	2,578
Deferred:
Federal	$	(128)	$	8	$	(1,538)
State	(687)		16		198
Foreign	780		(499)		(379)
Total	$	(35)	$	(475)	$	(1,719)
Income tax provision	$	1,533	$	1,724	$	859

A reconciliation of the statutory U.S. income tax rate to the effective income tax rate is as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Statutory federal tax rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	21.0	%
State taxes	0.4	%	(0.3)	%	(1.5)	%
Other nondeductible/nontaxable items	(0.5)	%	3.7	%	(3.6)	%
Nondeductible interest and derivatives	—	%	—	%	(5.9)	%
Foreign rate differences	(0.3)	%	(0.4)	%	(1.2)	%
Change in valuation allowance	(4.9)	%	(10.7)	%	(16.1)	%
Stock compensation	(0.1)	%	(2.3)	%	(3.8)	%
Executive compensation	—	%	(0.1)	%	(0.7)	%
Goodwill impairment	(16.6)	%	(11.8)	%	—	%
U.S. tax impact of restructuring	—	%	—	%	10.3	%
Other adjustments	(1.0)	%	(1.7)	%	(0.2)	%
Uncertain tax positions	—	%	(0.1)	%	—	%
Effective tax rate	(2.0)	%	(2.7)	%	(1.7)	%

Income Tax Provision

The Company recognized income tax expense of $1.5 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, which is primarily comprised of current tax expense of $1.6 million related to foreign taxes and state taxes. Included in tax expense is an income tax adjustment of $20.9 million related to the impairment of goodwill. Also included in total tax expense is income tax expense of $15.1 million for an increase in the valuation allowance recorded against the Company's deferred tax assets to offset the tax benefit of the Company's operating losses in the U.S. Income tax expense of $0.7 million has also been included for permanent differences in the book and tax treatment of certain stock-based compensation, executive compensation and other nondeductible expenses. These tax adjustments, along with state and local taxes, are the primary drivers of the annual effective income tax rate.

The Company recognized income tax expense of $1.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2022, which is primarily comprised of current tax expense of $2.2 million related to foreign taxes and state taxes and a deferred tax benefit of $0.5 million related to temporary differences between the tax treatment and GAAP accounting treatment for certain items. Included in total tax expense is income tax benefit of $2.6 million for permanent differences in the book and tax treatment of nontaxable gain on fair market value adjustment of stock warrants, offset by certain nondeductible stock-based compensation and executive compensation. Also included in the total tax expense is an income tax adjustment of $12.7 million related to the impairment of goodwill. Income tax expense of $18.5 million has also been included for an increase in the valuation allowance recorded against the Company's deferred tax assets to offset the tax benefit of the Company's operating losses in the

U.S. and certain foreign jurisdictions. These tax adjustments, along with state and local taxes and book losses in foreign jurisdictions where the income tax rate is substantially lower than the U.S. federal statutory rate, are the primary drivers of the annual effective income tax rate.

The Company recognized income tax expense of $0.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2021, which is primarily comprised of current tax expense of $2.2 million related to foreign taxes and a federal deferred tax benefit of $1.5 million related to temporary differences between the tax treatment and GAAP accounting treatment for certain items. Included in total tax expense are income tax adjustments of $9.2 million for permanent differences in the book and tax treatment of certain stock-based compensation, limitations on the deductibility of certain executive compensation, and nondeductible interest expense on debt instruments and associated derivatives. Also included is a favorable return to provision true-up adjustment of $8.3 million for a prior year permanent difference related to foreign earnings taxable in the U.S. as a result of a tax restructuring that occurred during 2020. Income tax expense of $16.3 million has also been included for an increase in the valuation allowance recorded against the Company's deferred tax assets to offset the tax benefit of the Company's operating losses in the U.S. and certain foreign jurisdictions. This increase was offset by an income tax benefit of $2.8 million related to the release of the portion of the Company's valuation allowance as a result of the Shareablee acquisition. These tax adjustments, along with state and local taxes and book losses in foreign jurisdictions where the income tax rate is substantially lower than the U.S. federal statutory rate, are the primary drivers of the annual effective income tax rate.

Deferred Income Taxes

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax reporting purposes. The components of net deferred income taxes are as follows:


	As of December 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	191,657	$	203,738
Lease liability	11,068		13,500
Deferred revenues	18,386		20,711
Deferred compensation	5,135		4,829
Accrued salaries and benefits	857		2,533
Tax credits	2,282		2,187
Tax contingencies	797		1,225
Allowance for doubtful accounts	112		151
Capital loss carryforwards	108		271


Intangible assets	3,970		3,640
Capitalized research and development expense	25,693		14,490
Other	2,587		2,665
Gross deferred tax assets	$	262,652	$	269,940
Valuation allowance	(251,253)		(250,994)
Net deferred tax assets	$	11,399	$	18,946
Deferred tax liabilities:
Lease asset	$	(5,583)	$	(7,855)
Property and equipment	(824)		(3,988)

Subpart F income recapture	(1,384)		(1,248)
Goodwill	(2,341)		(4,660)
Other	—		(40)
Total deferred tax liabilities	$	(10,132)	$	(17,791)
Net deferred tax asset	$	1,267	$	1,155

Tax Valuation Allowance

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had a valuation allowance of $251.3 million and $251.0 million, respectively, against certain deferred tax assets. The valuation allowance relates to the deferred tax assets of the Company's U.S. entities, including federal and state tax attributes and timing differences, as well as the deferred tax assets of certain foreign subsidiaries. The increase in the valuation allowance during 2023 is primarily due to the increase in capitalized R&E expenditures under Section 174, net of the decrease in U.S. net operating loss carryforwards. To the extent the Company determines that, based on the weight of available evidence, all or a portion of its valuation allowance is no longer necessary, the Company will recognize an income tax benefit in the period such determination is made for the reversal of the valuation allowance. If management determines that, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not that all or a portion of the net deferred tax assets will not be realized, the Company may recognize income tax expense in the period such determination is made to increase the valuation allowance. It is possible that such reduction of or addition to the Company's valuation allowance may have a material impact on the Company's results from operations.

A summary of the deferred tax asset valuation allowance is as follows:


	As of December 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022
Beginning Balance	$	250,994	$	233,843
Additions from continuing operations	844		17,280

Reductions	(585)		(129)
Ending Balance	$	251,253	$	250,994

Net Operating Loss and Credit Carryforwards

Under the provisions of Internal Revenue Code Section 382, certain substantial changes in the Company's ownership may result in a limitation on the amount of U.S. net operating loss carryforwards that can be utilized annually to offset future taxable income and taxes payable. During 2023, the Company concluded that the Transactions triggered an ownership change on May 10, 2021, and as a result, all of its U.S. net operating loss carryforwards are subject to an annual limitation under Section 382. Additionally, despite the net operating loss carryforwards, the Company may have a future income tax liability due to foreign income tax or state income tax requirements.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had U.S. federal and state net operating loss carryforwards for tax purposes of $559.5 million and $1.5 billion, respectively. The Company estimates that $456.7 million of its U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards are utilizable given the annual limitations under Section 382. The Company has not yet completed its Section 382 analysis for its state net operating loss carryforwards, but it believes a portion of these will also not be utilizable due to the annual limitations under Section 382. The Company's net operating loss carryforwards begin to expire in 2024 for federal and state income tax purposes. The federal and certain state net operating losses generated after December 31, 2017 have an indefinite carryforward period. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had an aggregate net operating loss carryforward for tax purposes related to its foreign subsidiaries of $10.8 million, which begins to expire in 2024.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had research and development credit carryforwards of $3.2 million which begin to expire in 2024.

Foreign Undistributed Earnings

As of December 31, 2023, the Company has certain foreign subsidiaries with accumulated undistributed earnings. The TCJA allows for a dividend received deduction resulting in no material U.S. federal income tax upon repatriation of these earnings. The Company intends to indefinitely reinvest these earnings, as well as future earnings from its foreign subsidiaries, to fund its international operations and therefore has not accrued any related foreign withholding taxes or state income taxes.

Uncertain Tax Positions

For uncertain tax positions, the Company uses a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold based on the technical merits of the tax position taken. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured as the largest amount of tax benefits determined on a cumulative probability basis, which are more likely than not to be realized upon ultimate settlement in the financial statements. The Company has unrecognized tax benefits, which are tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions which have been or will be reflected in income tax filings that have not been recognized in the financial statements due to potential adjustments by taxing authorities in the applicable jurisdictions. The Company's liability for unrecognized tax benefits, which include interest and penalties, was $0.7 million and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The remaining unrecognized tax benefits have reduced deferred tax balances. The amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the Company's effective tax rate is $2.0 million as of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 and includes the federal tax benefit of state deductions. The Company anticipates $0.2 million of unrecognized tax benefits will reverse during the next year due to the expiration of statutes of limitation.

Changes in the Company's unrecognized income tax benefits are as follows:


	As of December 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022		2021
Beginning balance	$	2,026	$	2,052	$	2,078
Increase related to tax positions of the current year	39		25		40

Increase related to tax positions of prior years	10		—		—
Decrease related to tax positions of prior years	(7)		(22)		(20)

Decrease due to lapse in statutes of limitations	(25)		(29)		(46)
Ending balance	$	2,043	$	2,026	$	2,052

The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, accrued interest and penalties on unrecognized tax benefits were $0.2 million. The Company or one of its subsidiaries files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and various state and foreign jurisdictions. For income tax returns filed by the Company, the Company is generally no longer subject to U.S. federal examinations by tax authorities for years prior to 2020 or state and local tax examinations by tax

authorities for years prior to 2019. The Company is no longer subject to examination by tax authorities in the Netherlands for years prior to 2017. However, tax attribute carryforwards may still be adjusted upon examination by tax authorities.

The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-13

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Paragraph 14
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-14

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 21
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-21

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 270
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482526/740-270-50-1

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 17
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-17

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.5.Q1)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.C)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-2

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 30
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482603/740-30-50-2

Related Party Transactions - Schedule of Transaction with Related Parties (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Dec. 31, 2021

^[1]

$ 371,343

$ 376,423

$ 367,013

^[1],[2],[3]

205,580

205,294

203,044

Assets

Accounts receivable, net

63,826

68,457

30,551

29,090

Non-current portion of accrued data costs

34,422

43,393

32,833

25,106

11,420

14,934

16,285

Assets

Accounts receivable, net

786

1,034

11,996

12,090

Non-current portion of accrued data costs

3,781

4,297

21,908

15,471

Related Party | WPP

8,281

11,677

13,595

9,350

9,391

12,537

Assets

Accounts receivable, net

525

825

1,673

2,398

399

1,108

Contract liabilities

1,447

1,132

Related Party | Charter

2,001

2,262

1,849

19,914

17,580

$ 21,998

10,323

9,693

Non-current portion of accrued data costs

3,382

3,189

$ 21,908

$ 15,471

[1]

Transactions with related parties are included in the line items above as follows (refer to Footnote 14, Related Party Transactions, for further information):


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Revenues	$	11,420	$	14,934	$	16,285
Cost of revenues	29,265		26,971		34,534
Interest expense, net	—		—		(4,692)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—		—		(9,608)
Convertible redeemable preferred stock dividends	(16,270)		(15,513)		(12,623)

[2]

Excludes amortization of intangible assets, which is presented separately in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

[3]

Stock-based compensation expense is included in the line items above as follows:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Cost of revenues	$	533	$	1,144	$	1,603
Selling and marketing	380		1,021		1,791
Research and development	411		827		1,079
General and administrative	3,211		5,186		9,375
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	4,535	$	8,178	$	13,848

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - USD ($)
$ in Thousands

Dec. 31, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Current assets:

Cash and cash equivalents

$ 22,750

$ 20,044

Restricted cash

186

398

Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $614 and $798, respectively ($786 and $1,034 of accounts receivable attributable to related parties, respectively)

63,826

68,457

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

11,228

15,922

Total current assets

97,990

104,821

Property and equipment, net

41,574

36,367

Operating right-of-use assets

18,628

23,864

Deferred tax assets

2,588

3,351

Intangible assets, net

8,115

13,327

Goodwill

310,360

387,973

Other non-current assets

12,040

10,883

Total assets

491,295

580,586

Current liabilities:

Accounts payable ($11,996 and $12,090 attributable to related parties, respectively)

30,551

29,090

Accrued expenses ($3,781 and $4,297 attributable to related parties, respectively)

34,422

43,393

Contract liabilities ($1,784 and $1,341 attributable to related parties, respectively)

48,912

52,944

Revolving line of credit

16,000

Accrued dividends (related parties)

24,132

7,863

Customer advances

11,076

11,527

Current operating lease liabilities

7,982

7,639

Current portion of contingent consideration

4,806

7,134

Other current liabilities

4,680

5,501

Total current liabilities

182,561

165,091

Non-current operating lease liabilities

23,003

29,588

Non-current portion of accrued data costs ($21,908 and $15,471 attributable to related parties, respectively)

32,833

25,106

Non-current revolving line of credit

16,000

Deferred tax liabilities

1,321

2,127

Other non-current liabilities

7,589

10,627

Total liabilities

247,307

248,539

Commitments and contingencies

Convertible redeemable preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized and 82,527,609 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and 82,527,609 shares authorized, issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022; aggregate liquidation preference of $228,132 as of December 31, 2023 and $211,863 as of December 31, 2022 (related parties)

187,885

Stockholders' equity:

Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2023 and 7,472,391 shares authorized as of December 31, 2022; no shares issued or outstanding as of December 31, 2023 or 2022

Common stock, $0.001 par value; 13,750,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2023 and 2022; 5,093,380 shares issued and 4,755,141 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2023, and 4,943,486 shares issued and 4,605,247 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2022

^[1]

Additional paid-in capital

^[1]

1,696,612

1,690,870

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

(14,110)

(15,940)

Accumulated deficit

^[1]

(1,396,420)

(1,300,789)

Treasury stock, at cost, 338,239 shares as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 (1)

^[1]

(229,984)

Total stockholders' equity

56,103

144,162

Total liabilities, convertible redeemable preferred stock and stockholders' equity

$ 491,295

$ 580,586

[1]	Adjusted retroactively for the Reverse Stock Split, refer to Footnote 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

Cover Page - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Cover Page - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2023	Mar. 06, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2023
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-33520
Entity Registrant Name	COMSCORE, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	54-1955550
Entity Address, Address Line One	11950 Democracy Drive, Suite 600
Entity Address, City or Town	Reston
Entity Address, State or Province	VA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	20190
City Area Code	703
Local Phone Number	438-2000
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share
Trading Symbol	SCOR
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Document Financial Statement Error Correction Flag	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 62.6
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		4,755,153
Documents Incorporated by Reference	Specified portions of the registrant's Proxy Statement with respect to its 2024 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than 120 days following the end of the registrant's fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, are incorporated by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Entity Central Index Key	0001158172

Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Contractual Obligation

The information set forth below summarizes the contractual obligations, by year, as of December 31, 2023:


	(In thousands)
2024	$	49,699
2025	45,556
2026	51,918
2027	44,031
2028	39,756
Thereafter	97,944
Total	$	328,904

Income Taxes - Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Statutory federal tax rate	21.00%	21.00%	21.00%
State taxes	0.40%	(0.30%)	(1.50%)
Other nondeductible/nontaxable items	(0.50%)	3.70%	(3.60%)
Nondeductible interest and derivatives	0.00%	0.00%	(5.90%)
Foreign rate differences	(0.30%)	(0.40%)	(1.20%)
Change in valuation allowance	(4.90%)	(10.70%)	(16.10%)
Stock compensation	(0.10%)	(2.30%)	(3.80%)
Executive compensation	0.00%	(0.10%)	(0.70%)
Goodwill impairment	(16.60%)	(11.80%)	0.00%
U.S. tax impact of restructuring	0.00%	0.00%	10.30%
Other adjustments	(1.00%)	(1.70%)	(0.20%)
Uncertain tax positions	0.00%	(0.10%)	0.00%
Effective tax rate	(2.00%)	(2.70%)	(1.70%)

Business Combination

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]

Business Combination

On December 16, 2021, the Company and two newly formed, wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company entered into the Merger Agreement with Shareablee, pursuant to which the Company acquired Shareablee. Total consideration payable to the former holders of Shareablee's capital stock and warrant, and certain underlying equity awards that were assumed by the Company, totaled 456,448 shares of Common Stock. This included 397,275 shares of Common Stock that were issuable at closing, 53,104 shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to replacement stock options and restricted stock unit awards, and 6,067 shares of Common Stock subject to holdback pending final working capital adjustments. In addition, certain holders of Shareablee's capital stock, warrant and equity awards were also eligible to receive up to an aggregate of $8.6 million of contingent consideration over three years after the closing, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement. The contingent consideration could be paid in any combination of cash and Common Stock, with any issuance of Common Stock to be based on the volume-weighted average trading price of the Common Stock for the ten full trading days ending on, and including the last business day prior to, the applicable date of the release of the contingent payment. The amount of contingent consideration would be based on the achievement of certain contractual milestones or a revenue target. Lastly, the Merger Agreement required a portion of cash held in escrow at closing to be paid to the former holders of Shareablee securities.

Itzhak Fisher, a member of the Company's Board, is a former director, stockholder and equity award holder of Shareablee. The fair value of Mr. Fisher's issuable Common Stock and replacement stock options totaled $0.7 million at closing, of which $0.4 million was recognized immediately as stock-based compensation expense and $0.3 million was classified as purchase consideration. Mr. Fisher was also eligible to receive $0.3 million in contingent consideration pursuant to the terms described above.

The total consideration paid or payable by the Company related to the Merger as of the closing date was $31.4 million. A summary of the consideration is as follows:


(In thousands)	Fair Value
Common Stock (1)	$	25,329
Contingent consideration (2)	5,600
Replacement stock options and restricted stock unit awards	260
Escrow payable to former stockholders	184
Total purchase consideration	$	31,373

(1) Calculated based on 397,275 shares of Common Stock issued upon closing, an estimated 6,068 shares of Common Stock to be issued upon completion of a final working capital assessment, and the $62.80 per share closing price of the Company's Common Stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on December 16, 2021.

(2) Refer to Footnote 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, for additional information on the selected valuation technique. The Company concluded any change in fair value between December 16, 2021 and December 31, 2021 was negligible.

A summary of the total purchase consideration for Shareablee that was allocated to the acquired assets and liabilities based on their fair value as of the date of the Merger is as follows:


(In thousands)	December 16, 2021
Net working capital	$	(2,212)
Property and equipment, net	4,578
Deferred tax liabilities	(2,817)
Other assets and liabilities	(22)
Definite-lived intangible assets	12,644
Goodwill	19,202
Total purchase consideration	$	31,373

The goodwill and intangible assets recorded as a result of the Merger are not deductible for income tax purposes. The goodwill includes the value of the Shareablee acquired workforce, the expected cost synergies to be realized by the Company following the Merger, the opportunity to combine the Company's digital information with Shareablee's social data and insights to enhance the Company's syndicated product offerings, and the opportunity to sell Shareablee products to the Company's customer base.

The following table outlines the fair value of the definite-lived intangible assets and the useful life for each type of intangible asset acquired. The intangible assets are amortized using a straight-line method over the respective useful life of the intangible asset.


(In thousands)	Useful Lives (Years)	Fair Value
Customer relationships (1)	5	$	6,600
Acquired methodologies and technology (1) (2)	5	6,044

Total definite-lived intangible assets		$	12,644

(1) The fair values of these assets are derived from techniques which utilize inputs, certain of which are significant and unobservable, that result in classification as Level 3 fair value measurements. Refer to Footnote 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, for additional information on the selected valuation techniques.

(2) The acquisition-date fair value of acquired methodologies and technology was $10.6 million. The $6.0 million recognized within intangible assets, net reflects the incremental fair value adjustment to $4.6 million of capitalized internal-use software costs recorded at net book value within property and equipment, net as of December 16, 2021.

The primary assets acquired were the developed methodologies and technology, which include a proprietary taxonomy and analytics platform that processes and repackages information on social media data consumption across four large social media platforms.

The Company incurred professional fees directly attributable to the Merger, primarily consisting of legal fees totaling $0.5 million during 2021. These fees are reflected in general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

The financial results of Shareablee were included in the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements from the date of the Merger, December 16, 2021. For the year ended December 31, 2021, Shareablee contributed revenues of $0.4 million and loss before income tax provision of $1.4 million. The loss includes $1.5 million in stock-based compensation recognized immediately following the closing date pertaining to replacement stock options and restricted stock unit awards issued to Shareablee equity award holders.

Pro forma results of operations for the Merger have not been presented because they are not material to the Company's consolidated results of operations.

Revenue Recognition - Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Dec. 31, 2021

Products and services transferred over time

^[1]

$ 371,343

$ 376,423

$ 367,013

Products and services transferred at a point in time

315,093

312,723

288,439

56,250

63,700

78,574

United States

335,785

337,862

321,891

Europe

18,738

19,007

26,250

Latin America

6,986

7,843

6,952

Canada

5,666

7,604

7,630

4,168

4,107

4,290

Digital Ad Solutions

208,833

212,510

221,979

Cross Platform Solutions

$ 162,510

$ 163,913

$ 145,034

[1]

Transactions with related parties are included in the line items above as follows (refer to Footnote 14, Related Party Transactions, for further information):


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Revenues	$	11,420	$	14,934	$	16,285
Cost of revenues	29,265		26,971		34,534
Interest expense, net	—		—		(4,692)
Loss on extinguishment of debt	—		—		(9,608)
Convertible redeemable preferred stock dividends	(16,270)		(15,513)		(12,623)

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation	The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned domestic and foreign subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated upon consolidation.
Reverse Stock Split	Reverse Stock Split On December 12, 2023, the Company held a special meeting of stockholders of the Company (the "Special Meeting"). At the Special Meeting, the stockholders approved an amendment to the Company's Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the "Certificate of Amendment") for the purpose of effecting a reverse stock split (the "Reverse Stock Split") of all outstanding shares of Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the "Common Stock") and reducing the number of authorized shares of Common Stock by the same ratio as the Reverse Stock Split. Following the Special Meeting, the Board of Directors approved a final ratio of 1-for-20 for the Reverse Stock Split with an effective date of December 20, 2023. On December 20, 2023, the Company filed the Certificate of Amendment with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to implement the Reverse Stock Split, without any change to the par value of the Common Stock. The Certificate of Amendment reduced the number of authorized shares of Common Stock from 275,000,000 to 13,750,000 and the total number of shares of stock authorized for issuance from 380,000,000 to 118,750,000. The Company implemented the Reverse Stock Split on December 20, 2023. The Common Stock began trading on a split-adjusted basis on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on December 20, 2023 under the existing trading symbol "SCOR", but the security has been assigned a new CUSIP number (20564W204). As a result of the Reverse Stock Split, every 20 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding or held in treasury immediately prior to the Reverse Stock Split were converted into one share of Common Stock after the Reverse Stock Split. The Reverse Stock Split applied uniformly to all holders of Common Stock and did not alter any stockholder's percentage interest in the Company, except to the extent that the Reverse Stock Split would have resulted in some stockholders owning a fractional share. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split, as all fractional shares were rounded down to the nearest whole share. Stockholders who would otherwise have been entitled to a fractional share of Common Stock were instead entitled to receive a proportional cash payment. Unless noted, all shares of Common Stock, including Common Stock underlying warrants, stock options, and restricted stock units, as well as all conversion ratios, exercise prices, conversion prices and per share information in the Consolidated Financial Statements have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the 1-for-20 Reverse Stock Split, as if the split occurred at the beginning of the earliest period presented in this Annual Report.
Reclassification	Certain amounts in the prior year financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. Specifically, accrued dividends have been separated from other current liabilities, and warrants liability has been aggregated within other current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Additionally, bad debt expense (benefit) and amortization of deferred financing costs have been aggregated within other operating activities on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Principal payments on capital lease and software license arrangements and payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards have been aggregated within other financing activities on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Use of Estimates and Judgments in the Preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements	The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") in the U.S. requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting periods. Significant estimates and judgments are inherent in the analysis and the measurement of management's Standalone Selling Price ("SSP"), principal versus agent revenue recognition, determination of performance obligations, determination of transaction price, including the determination of variable consideration and allocation of transaction price to performance obligations, deferred tax assets and liabilities, including the identification and quantification of income tax liabilities due to uncertain tax positions, the valuation and recoverability of goodwill, intangible and other long-lived assets, the determination of appropriate discount rates for lease accounting, the probability of exercising either lease renewal or termination clauses, the assessment of potential loss from contingencies, the fair value determination of contingent consideration from business combinations, financing-related liabilities and warrants, and the valuation of options, performance-based and market-based stock awards. Management bases its estimates and assumptions on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results reported in future periods may be affected by changes in those estimates. The Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis.
Fair Value Measurements	The Company evaluates the fair value of certain assets and liabilities using the fair value hierarchy. Fair value is an exit price representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the Company applies the three-tier GAAP value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows: Level 1 - observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2 - inputs other than the quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly; Level 3 - unobservable inputs of which there is little or no market data, which require the Company to develop its own assumptions. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measure. The Company's assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurements requires judgment and may affect the valuation of the assets and liabilities being measured and their placement within the fair value hierarchy. Assets that are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis include property and equipment, operating right-of-use assets, intangible assets and goodwill. The Company measures these items at fair value when they are considered to be impaired or, in certain cases, upon initial recognition. The fair value of these assets are determined with valuation techniques using the best information available and may include market comparable information, discounted cash flow models, or a combination thereof. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, and the current portion of contract liabilities and customer advances reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The carrying amount of the revolving line of credit approximates fair value due to the variable rate nature of the debt. The primary sensitivities in the valuation of the warrants liability are driven by the exercise price, the Common Stock price at the measurement date and the expected volatility of the Common Stock over the remaining term.
Preferred Stock	The issuance of the Preferred Stock pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreements (the "Transactions") and related matters were approved by the Company's stockholders on March 9, 2021 and completed on March 10, 2021. On May 16, 2023, Qurate sold 27,509,203 shares of Preferred Stock to Liberty Broadband Corporation ("Liberty") in a privately negotiated transaction. The Preferred Stock is contingently redeemable upon certain deemed liquidation events, such as a change in control. Because a deemed liquidation event could constitute a redemption event outside of the Company's control, all shares of Preferred Stock have been presented outside of permanent equity in mezzanine equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The instrument was initially recognized at fair value net of issuance costs. The Company reassesses whether the Preferred Stock is currently redeemable, or probable to become redeemable in the future, as of each reporting date. If the instrument meets either of these criteria, the Company will accrete the carrying value to the redemption value. The Preferred Stock has not been adjusted to its redemption amount as of December 31, 2023 because a deemed liquidation event is not considered probable. All financial instruments that are classified as mezzanine equity are evaluated for embedded derivative features by evaluating each feature against the nature of the host instrument (for example, more equity-like or debt-like). Features identified as embedded derivatives that are material are recognized separately as a derivative asset or liability in the financial statements.
Other Accounting Standards Recently Adopted and Recent Accounting Guidance Issued But Not Adopted	Effective January 1, 2021, the Company early adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2020-06, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40). This ASU simplifies accounting for convertible instruments, enhances disclosure requirements related to the terms and features of convertible instruments, and amends the guidance for the derivatives scope exception for contracts settled in an entity's own equity. This ASU removes from GAAP the separation models for (1) convertible debt with a Cash Conversion Feature and (2) convertible instruments with a Beneficial Conversion Feature. Upon adoption of this new ASU, entities will account for a convertible debt instrument wholly as debt, and for convertible preferred stock wholly as preferred stock, unless (1) a convertible instrument contains features that require bifurcation as a derivative, or (2) a convertible debt instrument was issued at a substantial premium. As a result of the adoption, no embedded features were identified requiring bifurcation under the new model, other than the change of control redemption feature. The Company adopted the standard using the modified retrospective approach. The standard had no impact on the senior secured convertible notes (the "Notes") issued by the Company prior to adoption and, as a result, there was no cumulative adjustment recorded upon adoption. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, to improve the transparency of income tax disclosures by requiring consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and early adoption is permitted. The amendments in this update should be applied on a prospective basis. Retroactive application is permitted. The Company expects to adopt the new standard effective January 1, 2025 and is currently evaluating the impact that this standard will have on its Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures. In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-08, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which expands annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this standard will have on its Consolidated Financial Statements or related disclosures, but the Company does not believe that the adoption of this standard will have a significant impact to its Consolidated Financial Statements or related disclosures.
Loss on Extinguishment of Debt and Debt Issuance Costs	Loss on extinguishment of debt represents the difference between the carrying value of the Company's debt instruments and any consideration paid to its creditors in the form of cash or shares of the Company's Common Stock on the extinguishment date. The Company reflects debt issuance costs in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as a direct deduction from the gross amount of debt, consistent with the presentation of a debt discount. Debt issuance costs are amortized to interest expense, net over the term of the underlying debt instrument, utilizing the effective interest method.
Financing Derivatives	The Company's derivative financial instruments are not hedges and do not qualify for hedge accounting. Changes in the fair value of these instruments are recorded in other income (expense), net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. The fair values of the financing derivatives were estimated using forward projections and were discounted back at rates commensurate with the remaining term of the related derivatives. Significant valuation inputs included the Company's credit rating, the premium attributable to the payment-in-kind feature of the Notes, and premium estimates for company-specific risk factors (together, the "credit-adjusted discount rate"), the price and expected volatility of the Company's Common Stock, probability of change of control, and forward projections of estimated cash payments.
Cash and Cash Equivalents	Cash and cash equivalents are maintained with several financial institutions domestically and internationally. The combined account balances held on deposit at each institution typically exceed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") insurance coverage and, as a result, there is a concentration of credit risk related to amounts on deposit in excess of FDIC insurance coverage. The Company reduces this risk by maintaining such deposits with high quality financial institutions that management believes are creditworthy, and by monitoring this credit risk and making adjustments as necessary. The Company considers highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase and qualifying money-market funds as cash equivalents.
Restricted Cash	restricted cash represents security deposits for subleased office space.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts	The Company generally grants uncollateralized credit terms to its customers. Credit risk associated with accounts receivable is mitigated by the Company's ongoing credit evaluation of its customers' financial condition. An allowance for doubtful accounts is maintained to reserve for uncollectible receivables. Allowances are based on management's judgment, which considers historical collection experience adjusted for current conditions or expected future conditions based on reasonable and supportable forecasts, a specific review of all significant outstanding receivables, an assessment of company-specific credit conditions and general economic conditions.
Property and Equipment, net	Property and equipment is recorded at cost, net of accumulated depreciation, and is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets, ranging from 2 to 10 years. Finance lease assets are recorded at their net present value at the commencement of the lease. Both finance lease assets and leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the related lease terms or their useful lives. Replacements and major improvements are capitalized; maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred.
Capitalized Software	Included in property and equipment, net, are capitalized software costs to purchase and develop internal-use software, which the Company uses to provide services to its clients. The costs to purchase and develop internal-use software are capitalized from the time that the preliminary project stage is completed, and it is considered probable that the software will be used to perform the function intended, until the time the software is placed in service for its intended use. Any costs incurred during subsequent efforts to upgrade and enhance the functionality of the software are also capitalized. Once this software is ready for use in the Company's products, these costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the software, which is typically assessed to be 2 to 3 years.
Business Combination	In December 2021, the Company and two newly formed, wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the "Merger Agreement" or "Merger") with Shareablee, Inc. ("Shareablee"), to acquire Shareablee in exchange for shares of the Company's Common Stock and contingent consideration payable subject to the achievement of certain conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement, as described in Footnote 3, Business Combination. Total consideration paid or payable by the Company related to the Merger (valued as of the closing date of the Merger) was $31.4 million, which included $5.6 million for the fair value of contingent consideration payable based on the achievement of certain contractual milestones or future revenue performance. The maximum amount of contingent consideration payable under the Merger is $8.6 million. The contingent consideration is classified as a liability due to the fact it will be settled in cash or a variable number of shares of Common Stock (or a combination thereof), and the amount of the payment is not dependent upon the fair value of the Common Stock. The contingent consideration liability is measured at fair value on a recurring basis until the contingency is resolved. The fair value of the contingent consideration liability is estimated using a combination of valuation techniques. One technique is an option pricing model within a Monte Carlo simulation that determines an average projected payment value across numerous iterations. This technique determines projected payments based on simulated revenues derived from an internal forecast, adjusted for a selected revenue volatility and risk premium based on market data for comparable guideline public companies. The other technique is a discounted cash flow model that assumes achievement of the contractual milestones, resulting in payment of the full deferred amount. In both techniques, the projected payments are then discounted back to the valuation date at the Company's cost of debt using a term commensurate with the contractual payment dates. In April 2022, the contingency was resolved and the full amount was deemed payable, subject to reduction for any pending indemnification claims and other terms set forth in the Merger Agreement. The resolution of this contingency eliminated the option pricing model as a valuation technique, and the fair value was remeasured using only the discounted cash flow model. The Company settled the first installment of $3.7 million in cash in 2023. In December 2023, the Company elected to settle the second installment of $3.7 million in cash. This amount remained outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and is scheduled to be paid in 2024. The Company expects to settle the remaining liability of $1.2 million payable in any combination of cash and Common Stock (at the Company's election) in December 2024. The estimated fair value of the contingent consideration liability as of December 31, 2023 was $4.8 million. The loss due to change in fair value of $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 was classified within general and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Refer to Footnote 7, Fair Value Measurements, for additional information on the fair value of the contingent consideration.
Cloud Computing Implementation Costs	Certain costs incurred for implementation, setup, and other upfront activities in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract are capitalized during the application development stage. Upgrades and enhancements are capitalized if they will result in additional functionality. Amortization of capitalized costs is recorded on a straight-line basis over the term of the associated hosting arrangement, inclusive of reasonably certain renewal periods.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets	Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase consideration over the fair value of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed when a business is acquired. The valuation of intangible assets and goodwill involves the use of management's estimates and assumptions and can have a significant impact on future operating results. The Company initially records its intangible assets at fair value. Definite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives while goodwill is not amortized but is evaluated for impairment at least annually, as of October 1, by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying value including goodwill recorded by the reporting unit. The Company has a single reporting unit. Accordingly, the impairment assessment for goodwill is performed at the enterprise level. Goodwill is reviewed for possible impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying value. The Company has the option to first perform qualitative testing to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value. The qualitative evaluation is an assessment of factors, including operating results and cost factors, as well as industry, market and macroeconomic conditions, to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying amount, including goodwill. If the Company chooses not to complete a qualitative assessment or if the initial assessment indicates that it is more likely than not that the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, additional quantitative testing is required. The fair value of the reporting unit is determined utilizing a discounted cash flow model, and a market value approach is utilized to supplement the discounted cash flow model. The estimated fair value of a reporting unit is determined based on assumptions regarding estimated future cash flows, discount rates, long-term growth rates and market values. Additionally, the Company considers income tax effects from any tax-deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment charge. The Company monitors for events and circumstances that could negatively impact the key assumptions in determining fair value, including long-term revenue growth projections, profitability, discount rates, volatility in the Company's market capitalization, general industry, and market and macroeconomic conditions. It is possible that future changes in such circumstances, or in the variables associated with the judgments, assumptions and estimates used in assessing the fair value of the reporting unit, would require the Company to record a material non-cash impairment charge. As part of the annual test as of October 1, 2023, the Company performed a quantitative goodwill impairment test using a discounted cash flow model, supported by a market approach. The Company's reporting unit did not pass the goodwill impairment test, and as a result, the Company recorded a $34.1 million non-cash impairment charge during the quarter ended December 31, 2023. Refer to Footnote 10, Goodwill and Intangible Assets, for further information. The Company evaluates its definite-lived intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. If an indication of impairment is present, the Company compares the estimated undiscounted future cash flows to be generated by the asset group to its carrying amount. Recoverability measurement and estimation of undiscounted cash flows are grouped at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. If the undiscounted future cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the asset group, the Company records an impairment loss equal to the excess of the asset group's carrying amount over its fair value. The fair value is determined based on valuation techniques such as a comparison to fair values of similar assets or using a discounted cash flow analysis.
Recoverability of Other Long-Lived Assets	The Company's other long-lived assets consist primarily of property and equipment and right-of-use ("ROU") assets. The Company evaluates its ROU and long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. For facility lease ROU and related long-lived assets, the Company compares the estimated undiscounted cash flows generated by a sublease to the current carrying value of the ROU and related long-lived assets. The Company treats operating lease ROU assets as financing transactions, thereby excluding the operating lease liability and related lease payments from the head lease, for purposes of testing recoverability. If the undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value of the ROU and related long-lived assets, the Company records an impairment loss equal to the excess of the ROU and long-lived assets' carrying value over their fair value. The Company performed an analysis in the third quarter of 2023 related to the abandonment of two leased office spaces, which changed the extent and manner for which the ROU assets and related long-lived assets were being used. The Company recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $1.5 million related to the ROU assets during the quarter ended September 30, 2023. The Company performed an analysis in the fourth quarter of 2022 related to the execution of a sublease for a property for which expected cash receipts were less than the disbursements for the lease. The Company recorded a $0.2 million non-cash impairment charge related to the ROU asset in the fourth quarter of 2022. The fair value of the ROU asset was estimated using an income approach and a discount rate of 7.4%. Although the Company believes that the carrying values of its other long-lived assets are appropriately stated as of December 31, 2023, changes in strategy or market conditions, significant technological developments or significant changes in legal or regulatory factors could significantly impact these judgments and require adjustments to recorded asset balances.
Warrants Liability	In 2019, the Company issued warrants to CVI in connection with the private placement described in Footnote 5, Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity. The warrants were determined to be freestanding financial instruments that qualify for liability treatment as a result of net cash settlement features associated with a cap on the issuance of shares, under certain circumstances, or upon a change of control. Changes in the fair value of these instruments are recorded in other income (expense), net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. The fair value of each warrant is estimated utilizing an option pricing model. Significant valuation inputs include the exercise price, price and expected volatility of the Company's Common Stock, risk-free rate and the remaining term of the warrants. As of December 31, 2023, the probability of a change of control was determined to be remote and did not require an enhancement to the valuation technique.
Leases	The Company's lease portfolio is comprised of two major classes. Real estate leases, which are the majority of the Company's leased assets, are accounted for as operating leases. Computer equipment leases are generally accounted for as finance leases. The Company determines if an arrangement is or contains a lease at inception and whether the lease should be classified as an operating or finance lease. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term. Operating ROU assets also include the impact of any lease incentives. A ROU asset and lease liability are not recorded for short-term leases with an initial term of 12 months of less. The Company has elected to combine lease and non-lease components and account for them together as a single lease component, which increases the carrying amount of the ROU assets and lease liabilities. Non-lease components primarily include payments for common-area maintenance, utilities and other pass-through charges. The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate to determine the present value of the future lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is estimated to approximate the interest rate on a collateralized basis with similar terms and payments, and in economic environments where the leased asset is located. The Company's lease terms include periods under options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. The Company considers contractual-based factors such as the nature and terms of the renewal or termination, asset-based factors such as physical location of the asset and entity-based factors such as the importance of the leased asset to the Company's operations to determine the lease term. The Company generally uses the non-cancelable lease term when measuring its ROU assets and lease liabilities. Payments under the Company's lease arrangements are primarily fixed; however, certain lease agreements contain variable payments, which are expensed as incurred and excluded from the measurement of ROU assets and lease liabilities. These payment amounts are affected by changes in market indices and costs for common-area maintenance, utilities and other pass-through charges that are based on usage or performance. Operating leases are included in operating ROU assets, current operating lease liability, and non-current operating lease liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company recognizes lease expense (excluding variable lease costs) for its operating leases on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Finance lease assets are included in property and equipment, net; current finance lease liabilities are aggregated into other current liabilities; and non-current finance lease obligations are aggregated in other non-current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company recognizes interest expense on the lease liability and the ROU asset is amortized over the lease term for its finance leases. Income from subleased properties is recognized and presented as a reduction of costs, allocated among operating expense line items, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.
Foreign Currency	Generally, the functional currency of the Company's foreign subsidiaries is the local currency. In those cases where the transaction is not denominated in the functional currency, the Company revalues the transaction to the functional currency and records the translation gain or loss in the Company's Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Assets and liabilities are translated at the current exchange rate as of the end of the year, and revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates in effect during the year. The gain or loss resulting from the process of translating a foreign subsidiary's functional currency financial statements into U.S. Dollars ("USD") is reflected as foreign currency cumulative translation adjustment and reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. The translation adjustment for intercompany foreign currency loans that are permanent in nature are also recorded as accumulated other comprehensive loss. Translation adjustments on intercompany accounts that are short term in nature are recorded as (loss) gain from foreign currency transactions. For foreign entities where USD is the functional currency, re-measurement of gains and losses related to deferred tax assets and liabilities are reflected in income tax provision in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.
Revenue Recognition and Cost of Revenues	The Company recognizes revenue under the core principle to depict the transfer of control to its customers in an amount reflecting the consideration to which it expects to be entitled. The Company's contracts with customers may include multiple promised goods and services. Contracts with multiple performance obligations typically consist of a mix of subscriptions to the Company's online database, customized data services, and delivery of periodic custom reports based on information obtained from the database. In such cases, the Company identifies performance obligations by evaluating whether the promised goods and services are capable of being distinct and distinct within the context of the contract at contract inception. Promised goods and services that are not distinct at contract inception are combined as one performance obligation. Once the Company identifies the performance obligations, the Company will determine the transaction price based on contractually fixed amounts and an estimate of variable consideration. In general, the transaction price is determined by estimating the fixed amount of consideration to which the Company is entitled for transfer of goods and services and all relevant sources and components of variable consideration. Variable consideration is estimated based on the most likely amount or expected value approach, depending on which method the Company expects to better predict the amount of consideration to which it will be entitled. Once the Company elects one of the methods to estimate variable consideration for a particular type of performance obligation, the Company will apply that method consistently. Estimates of variable consideration are subject to constraint based on expected recovery from the customer. Sales taxes remitted to government authorities are excluded from the transaction price. The Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation based on relative SSP. Judgment is exercised to determine the SSP of each distinct performance obligation. In most cases, the Company bundles multiple products and very few are sold on a standalone basis. The Company primarily applies an adjusted market assessment approach for the determination of the SSP, which is supported by rate cards and pricing calculators that are periodically reviewed and updated to reflect the latest sales data and observable inputs by industry, channel, geography, customer size, and other relevant groupings. The Company recognizes revenue when (or as) it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring promised goods or services to a customer. Customers may obtain the control of promised goods or services over time or at a point in time. Subscription-based revenues, and other products delivered continuously through a user interface, are recognized on a straight-line basis over an access period specified within the respective contract. Revenues for impression-based products are typically recognized over time, on a time-elapsed basis, as the customer is continuously consuming and receiving the benefits of campaign measurement, or an output method, such as volume of impressions processed during a discrete period. Report-based revenues are recognized at a point in time, which is generally once the product has been delivered to the customer. The Company also considers whether there is a present right to payment, and whether the customer has accepted the product if such acceptance provisions are substantive. Customers may have the right to cancel their contracts by providing a written notice of cancellation, although most subscription-based contracts are non-cancelable. If a customer cancels its contract, the customer is generally not entitled to a refund for prior services. In the event a portion of a contract is refundable, revenue recognition is delayed until the refund provision lapses. For multi-year contracts with annual price increases, the total consideration for each of the years included in the contract term will be combined and recognized on a straight-line basis. For transactions that involve third parties, the Company evaluates whether it is the principal, in which case it recognizes revenue on a gross basis. If the Company is an agent, it recognizes revenue on a net basis. This determination can require significant judgment for certain revenue share arrangements that involve the use of partner data in the Company's sales to end users or the use of its data in partner sales to end users. In these arrangements, the Company assesses which party controls the specified goods or services before they are transferred to the customer, as well as other indicators such as the party primarily responsible for fulfillment, inventory risk, and discretion in establishing price. The Company enters into a limited number of monetary contracts with multichannel video programming distributors ("MVPDs") that involve both the purchase and sale of services with a single counterparty. Each contract is assessed to determine if the revenue and expense should be presented gross or net. In some instances, the Company may provide free distinct goods or services as a form of non-cash consideration to the counterparty. Revenue is recognized for these contracts to the extent SSP is established for distinct services provided. Any excess consideration above the established SSP of services is presented as a reduction to cost of revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. The fair value of non-cash consideration included in revenues during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 totaled $4.2 million, $3.9 million, and $4.0 million, respectively. The fair value of non-cash consideration included in cost of revenues during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 totaled $4.3 million, $4.1 million and $3.9 million, respectively. Contract Balances Accounts receivable are billed and unbilled amounts where the right to payment from the customer is unconditional but for the passage of time. Contract assets represent amounts where the right to payment in exchange for goods or services transferred is conditioned on future events, such as the entity's continued performance. The portion of contract assets to be billed in the succeeding twelve-month period are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets, and the remaining amounts are included in other assets within the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Contract liabilities relate to amounts billed in advance, or advance consideration received from customers, under non-cancelable contracts for which exchange of goods or services will occur in the future. Customer advances relate to amounts billed in advance, or advance considerations received from customers, for contracts with termination rights for which exchange of goods or services will occur in the future. The portion of contract liabilities and customer advances to be recognized in the succeeding twelve-month period are presented separately within current liabilities, and the remaining amounts are included in other non-current liabilities within the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Remaining Performance Obligations The Company elected an optional exemption to not disclose information about the amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations for contracts that have an original expected duration of one year or less. The amount disclosed for remaining performance obligations also excludes variable consideration from unsatisfied performance obligations within a series where revenue is recognized using an output method, such as volume of impressions processed. Costs to Fulfill a Contract Certain costs to fulfill are capitalized for contracts where the transfer of goods and services will occur in the future. Typically, these capitalized costs are incurred during a setup period prior to transferring control of the good or service over time. These costs include dedicated employees, subcontractors, and other third-party costs. Capitalized costs are assessed for recoverability at each reporting period. These costs are included in cost of revenues and are recognized in the same manner as the corresponding performance obligation. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, amortized and expensed contract costs were zero. For the year ended December 31, 2021, amortized and expensed contract costs were $2.7 million. Cost of Revenues Cost of revenues consists primarily of costs to produce the Company's products including viewing data from MVPDs, census-based, panel and other third-party data as well as costs to operate its network infrastructure including data center, data storage and compliance costs. Other costs include amortization of capitalized fulfillment costs, employee costs including stock-based compensation, depreciation related to assets used to maintain the network and produce products and allocated overhead, including rent and depreciation expenses generated by general purpose equipment and software.
Selling and Marketing	Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries, commissions, stock-based compensation, benefits and bonuses for personnel associated with sales and marketing activities, as well as costs related to online and offline advertising, product management, seminars, promotional materials, public relations, other sales and marketing programs, and allocated overhead, including rent and other facilities related costs, and depreciation.
Research and Development	Research and Development Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries, stock-based compensation, benefits and related costs for personnel associated with research and development activities, as well as allocated overhead, including rent and other facilities related costs, and depreciation.
General and Administrative	General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries, stock-based compensation, benefits and related costs for executive management, finance, accounting, human capital, legal, information technology and other administrative functions, as well as professional fees and allocated overhead, including rent and other facilities related costs, depreciation and expenses incurred for other general corporate purposes.
Other Income (Expense), Net	Other income (expense), net represents income and expenses incurred that are generally not recurring in nature or are not part of the Company's normal operations.
Stock-Based Compensation	The Company estimates the fair value of stock-based awards on their grant date. The fair value of stock options with only service conditions is determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The determination of the fair value of the Company's stock option awards is based on a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, the Company's Common Stock price, risk-free rate, expected stock price volatility over the expected life of awards, and the expected term of the option. The fair value of restricted stock units ("RSUs") is based on the closing price of the Company's Common Stock on the grant date. The Company amortizes the fair value of awards expected to vest on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the awards, which is generally the period from the grant date to the end of the vesting period. The Company issues stock options with a vesting period based solely upon the passage of time (service vesting). To determine the expected term of the option the Company applies the simplified method for plain-vanilla options due to the lack of significant historical exercise experience. For non-employee options that do not qualify as plain-vanilla the Company has elected to apply the contractual term of the award. The Company issues RSU awards with a vesting period based solely upon the passage of time (service vesting), achieving performance targets, fulfillment of market conditions, or a combination thereof. For those RSU awards with only service vesting, the Company recognizes compensation cost on a straight-line basis over the service period. For awards with both service and performance conditions, the Company starts recognizing compensation cost over the remaining service period when it is probable the performance conditions will be met. Stock awards that contain performance vesting conditions are excluded from diluted earnings per share ("EPS") computations until the contingency is met as of the end of that reporting period. For awards with both service and market conditions, the Company recognizes compensation cost over the remaining service period, with the effect of the market condition reflected in the determination of the award's fair value at the grant date. The Company values awards with market conditions using certain valuation techniques, such as a lattice model or Monte Carlo simulation analysis. The Company determines the requisite service period based on the longer of the explicit service period and the derived service period. Stock awards that contain market vesting conditions are included in the computations of diluted EPS reflecting the number of shares that would be issued based on the current market price at the end of the period being reported on, if their effect is dilutive. Under the Company's annual incentive compensation plan, the Company may grant immediately vested RSUs to certain employees. For these awards, stock-based compensation expense is accrued commencing at the service inception date, which generally precedes the grant date, through the end of the requisite service period. The Company estimates forfeitures for stock-based awards at their grant date based on historical experience. The estimated forfeiture rate as of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was 10.0% for non-executive awards. Awards granted to senior executives have an estimated forfeiture rate of zero. The Company performs a review of its forfeiture rate assumption on an annual basis. Changes in the estimates and assumptions relating to forfeitures and subsequent grants may result in material changes to stock-based compensation expense in the future.
Income Taxes	Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method. Deferred income taxes are provided for temporary differences in recognizing certain income, expense and credit items for financial reporting purposes and tax reporting purposes. Such deferred income taxes primarily relate to the difference between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to the future years in which deferred tax assets or liabilities are expected to be settled or realized. Excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies are recognized in the income tax provision in the period in which they occur. The Company records a valuation allowance when it determines, based on available positive and negative evidence, that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of its deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company determines the realizability of its deferred tax assets primarily based on the reversal of existing taxable temporary differences and projections of future taxable income (exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards). In evaluating such projections, the Company considers its history of profitability, the competitive environment, and general economic conditions. In addition, the Company considers the time frame over which it would take to utilize the deferred tax assets prior to their expiration. For certain tax positions, the Company uses a more-likely-than-not threshold based on the technical merits of the tax position taken. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured at the largest amount of tax benefits determined on a cumulative probability basis, which are more likely than not to be realized upon ultimate settlement in the financial statements. The Company's policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. In December 2017, U.S. tax reform legislation known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "TCJA") was signed into law. The Company determined the effects of certain provisions, including but not limited to: a reduction in the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, a limitation of the deductibility of certain officers' compensation, a limitation on the current deductibility of net interest expense in excess of 30% of adjusted taxable income, a limitation of net operating losses generated after 2018 to 80% of taxable income, an incremental tax (base erosion anti-abuse or "BEAT") on excessive amounts paid to foreign related parties, and a minimum tax on certain foreign earnings in excess of 10% of the foreign subsidiaries' tangible assets (global intangible low-taxed income or "GILTI"). As part of its GILTI review, the Company has determined that it will account for GILTI income as it is generated (i.e., treat it as a period expense). Given the Company's loss position in the U.S. and the valuation allowance recorded against its U.S. net deferred tax assets, these provisions have not had a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. Beginning in 2022, the TCJA eliminated the option to immediately deduct research and experiment ("R&E") expenditures in the year incurred pursuant to Internal Revenue Code Section 174 ("Section 174"). The amended provision under Section 174 requires taxpayers to capitalize and amortize these expenditures over five years for research performed in the U.S. and over 15 years for research performed outside the U.S. While it is possible that Congress may defer, modify or repeal this provision, potentially with retroactive effect, it was not deferred, modified or repealed as of December 31, 2023. Due to the Company's federal and state net operating loss ("NOL") carryforwards, the amended provision under Section 174 only increased the Company's state cash taxes payable and reduced its cash flow from operating activities by an immaterial amount in 2023 and 2022. The capitalized R&E expenditures merely caused a reclassification between the NOL deferred tax asset and capitalized R&E deferred tax asset as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. Because the Company's deferred tax assets have a full valuation allowance against them, the amended provision under Section 174 did not materially impact the Company's tax rate or results of operations.
Loss Per Share	The Company uses the two-class method to calculate net loss per share. The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that treats a participating security as having rights to earnings that otherwise would have been available to common stockholders. Under the two-class method, earnings for the period are allocated between common stockholders and participating security holders based on their respective rights to receive dividends as if all undistributed book earnings for the period were distributed. Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to only the common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted loss per share includes the effect of potential common shares, such as the Company's Preferred Stock, warrants, stock options, restricted stock units and deferred stock units, contingent consideration and Notes, to the extent the effect is dilutive. In periods with a net loss available to common stockholders, the anti-dilutive effect of these potential common shares is excluded and diluted net loss per share is equal to basic net loss per share.

Income Taxes - Schedule of Component of (Loss) Income Before Income Tax (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Domestic	$ (79,078)	$ (69,981)	$ (53,202)
Foreign	1,250	5,144	4,024
Loss before income taxes	$ (77,828)	$ (64,837)	$ (49,178)

Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations, including income (loss) from equity method investments, before deduction of income tax expense (benefit), and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.

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-Section S99
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(10))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483621/220-10-S99-2

Reference 10: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Topic 942
-SubTopic 220
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(15))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147483589/942-220-S99-1

Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN CONVERTIBLE REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY - USD ($)
$ in Thousands

Total

Common Stock

Additional Paid-in Capital

^[2]

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Accumulated Deficit

Treasury stock, at cost

Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2020

$ 0

Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock

Convertible redeemable preferred stock, net of issuance costs (in shares)

^[1]

82,527,609

Convertible redeemable preferred stock, net of issuance costs

^[1]

$ 187,885

Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021

82,527,609

Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2021

$ 187,885

Beginning balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2020

^[2]

3,646,927

Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2020

228,990

$ 4

^[2]

$ 1,622,055

$ (7,030)

$ (1,156,055)

$ (229,984)

Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity

(50,037)

Fair value of Common Stock issued in connection with acquisition (in shares)

^[1]

(12,623)

^[2]

397,275

Fair value of Common Stock issued in connection with acquisition

25,775

$ 1

^[2]

25,774

Foreign currency translation adjustment

(5,068)

Interest paid in Common Stock (in shares)

^[1],[2]

208,289

Interest paid in Common Stock

^[1]

10,812

Restricted stock units distributed (in shares)

^[2]

118,148

Restricted stock units distributed

7,119

Payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards (in shares)

^[2]

(7,775)

Payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards

(522)

Conversion shares issued as extinguishment cost on senior secured convertible notes (in shares)

^[1],[2]

157,500

Conversion shares issued as extinguishment cost on senior secured convertible notes

^[1]

9,608

Amortization of stock-based compensation

9,123

Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021

^[2]

4,520,364

Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2021

$ 223,177

$ 5

^[2]

1,683,969

(12,098)

(1,218,715)

(229,984)

Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022

82,527,609

Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2022

$ 187,885

Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity

(66,561)

Foreign currency translation adjustment

^[1]

(15,513)

$ (3,842)

(3,842)

Exercise of Common Stock options, net (in shares)

4,848

^[2]

Exercise of Common Stock options, net

$ 103

103

Restricted stock units distributed (in shares)

^[2]

74,656

Restricted stock units distributed

1,718

Payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards (in shares)

^[2]

(656)

Payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards

(23)

Amortization of stock-based compensation

5,106

Other (in Shares)

^[2]

6,035

Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022

$ (3)

(3)

4,605,247

^[2]

Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2022

$ 144,162

$ 5

^[2]

1,690,870

(15,940)

(1,300,789)

(229,984)

Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023

82,527,609

Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2023

$ 187,885

Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity

(79,361)

Foreign currency translation adjustment

^[1]

(16,270)

$ 1,830

1,830

Exercise of Common Stock options, net (in shares)

150

^[2]

Exercise of Common Stock options, net

$ 3

Restricted stock units distributed (in shares)

^[2]

152,375

Restricted stock units distributed

Payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards (in shares)

^[2]

(2,631)

Payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards

(65)

Settlement of restricted stock unit liability

$ 2,761

2,761

Conversion shares issued as extinguishment cost on senior secured convertible notes (in shares)

Amortization of stock-based compensation

$ 3,040

3,040

Ending balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2023

4,755,141

^[2]

Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2023

$ 56,103

$ 5

^[2]

$ 1,696,612

$ (14,110)

$ (1,396,420)

$ (229,984)

[1]

[2]

Adjusted retroactively for the Reverse Stock Split, refer to Footnote 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned domestic and foreign subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated upon consolidation.

Reverse Stock Split

On December 12, 2023, the Company held a special meeting of stockholders of the Company (the "Special Meeting"). At the Special Meeting, the stockholders approved an amendment to the Company's Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (the "Certificate of Amendment") for the purpose of effecting a reverse stock split (the "Reverse Stock Split") of all outstanding shares of Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the "Common Stock") and reducing the number of authorized shares of Common Stock by the same ratio as the Reverse Stock Split. Following the Special Meeting, the Board of Directors approved a final ratio of 1-for-20 for the Reverse Stock Split with an effective date of December 20, 2023.

On December 20, 2023, the Company filed the Certificate of Amendment with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to implement the Reverse Stock Split, without any change to the par value of the Common Stock. The Certificate of Amendment reduced the number of authorized shares of Common Stock from 275,000,000 to 13,750,000 and the total number of shares of stock authorized for issuance from 380,000,000 to 118,750,000. The Company implemented the Reverse Stock Split on December 20, 2023.

The Common Stock began trading on a split-adjusted basis on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on December 20, 2023 under the existing trading symbol "SCOR", but the security has been assigned a new CUSIP number (20564W204).

As a result of the Reverse Stock Split, every 20 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding or held in treasury immediately prior to the Reverse Stock Split were converted into one share of Common Stock after the Reverse Stock Split. The Reverse Stock Split applied uniformly to all holders of Common Stock and did not alter any stockholder's percentage interest in the Company, except to the extent that the Reverse Stock Split would have resulted in some stockholders owning a fractional share. No fractional shares were issued in connection with the Reverse Stock Split, as all fractional shares were rounded down to the nearest whole share. Stockholders who would otherwise have been entitled to a fractional share of Common Stock were instead entitled to receive a proportional cash payment.

Unless noted, all shares of Common Stock, including Common Stock underlying warrants, stock options, and restricted stock units, as well as all conversion ratios, exercise prices, conversion prices and per share information in the Consolidated Financial Statements have been retroactively adjusted to reflect the 1-for-20 Reverse Stock Split, as if the split occurred at the beginning of the earliest period presented in this Annual Report.

Reclassification

Certain amounts in the prior year financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. Specifically, accrued dividends have been separated from other current liabilities, and warrants liability has been aggregated within other current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Additionally, bad debt expense (benefit) and amortization of deferred financing costs have been aggregated within other operating activities on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Principal payments on capital lease and software license arrangements and payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards have been aggregated within other financing activities on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Use of Estimates and Judgments in the Preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") in the U.S. requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting periods. Significant estimates and judgments are inherent in the analysis and the measurement of management's Standalone Selling Price ("SSP"), principal versus agent revenue recognition, determination of performance obligations,

determination of transaction price, including the determination of variable consideration and allocation of transaction price to performance obligations, deferred tax assets and liabilities, including the identification and quantification of income tax liabilities due to uncertain tax positions, the valuation and recoverability of goodwill, intangible and other long-lived assets, the determination of appropriate discount rates for lease accounting, the probability of exercising either lease renewal or termination clauses, the assessment of potential loss from contingencies, the fair value determination of contingent consideration from business combinations, financing-related liabilities and warrants, and the valuation of options, performance-based and market-based stock awards. Management bases its estimates and assumptions on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results reported in future periods may be affected by changes in those estimates. The Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis.

Fair Value Measurements

The Company evaluates the fair value of certain assets and liabilities using the fair value hierarchy. Fair value is an exit price representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, the Company applies the three-tier GAAP value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1 - observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;

Level 2 - inputs other than the quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly;

Level 3 - unobservable inputs of which there is little or no market data, which require the Company to develop its own assumptions.

Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measure. The Company's assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurements requires judgment and may affect the valuation of the assets and liabilities being measured and their placement within the fair value hierarchy.

Assets that are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis include property and equipment, operating right-of-use assets, intangible assets and goodwill. The Company measures these items at fair value when they are considered to be impaired or, in certain cases, upon initial recognition. The fair value of these assets are determined with valuation techniques using the best information available and may include market comparable information, discounted cash flow models, or a combination thereof.

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, and the current portion of contract liabilities and customer advances reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The carrying amount of the revolving line of credit approximates fair value due to the variable rate nature of the debt.

Preferred Stock

In 2021, the Company entered into separate Securities Purchase Agreements with each of Charter Communications Holding Company, LLC ("Charter"), Qurate Retail, Inc. ("Qurate") and Pine Investor, LLC ("Pine") (the "Securities Purchase Agreements") for the issuance and sale of shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 ("Preferred Stock") as described in Footnote 5, Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity. The issuance of the Preferred Stock pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreements (the "Transactions") and related matters were approved by the Company's stockholders on March 9, 2021 and completed on March 10, 2021.

On May 16, 2023, Qurate sold 27,509,203 shares of Preferred Stock to Liberty Broadband Corporation ("Liberty") in a privately negotiated transaction.

The Preferred Stock is contingently redeemable upon certain deemed liquidation events, such as a change in control. Because a deemed liquidation event could constitute a redemption event outside of the Company's control, all shares of Preferred Stock have been presented outside of permanent equity in mezzanine equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The instrument was initially recognized at fair value net of issuance costs. The Company reassesses whether the Preferred Stock is currently redeemable, or probable to become redeemable in the future, as of each reporting date. If the instrument meets either of these criteria, the Company will accrete the carrying value to the redemption value. The Preferred Stock has not been adjusted to its redemption amount as of December 31, 2023 because a deemed liquidation event is not considered probable.

All financial instruments that are classified as mezzanine equity are evaluated for embedded derivative features by evaluating each feature against the nature of the host instrument (for example, more equity-like or debt-like). Features identified as embedded derivatives that are material are recognized separately as a derivative asset or liability in the financial statements.

Effective January 1, 2021, the Company early adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2020-06, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity's Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40). This ASU simplifies accounting for convertible instruments, enhances disclosure requirements related to the terms and features of convertible instruments, and amends the guidance for the derivatives scope exception for contracts settled in an entity's own equity. This ASU removes from GAAP the separation models for (1) convertible debt with a Cash Conversion Feature and (2) convertible instruments with a Beneficial Conversion Feature. Upon adoption of this new ASU, entities will account for a convertible debt instrument wholly as debt, and for convertible preferred

stock wholly as preferred stock, unless (1) a convertible instrument contains features that require bifurcation as a derivative, or (2) a convertible debt instrument was issued at a substantial premium.

As a result of the adoption, no embedded features were identified requiring bifurcation under the new model, other than the change of control redemption feature. The Company adopted the standard using the modified retrospective approach. The standard had no impact on the senior secured convertible notes (the "Notes") issued by the Company prior to adoption and, as a result, there was no cumulative adjustment recorded upon adoption.

Loss on Extinguishment of Debt

In 2021, the Company recorded a $9.6 million loss on debt extinguishment related to the payoff of the Notes and a foreign secured promissory note (the "Secured Term Note"). Loss on extinguishment of debt represents the difference between the carrying value of the Company's debt instruments and any consideration paid to its creditors in the form of cash or shares of the Company's Common Stock on the extinguishment date. These transactions are described in Footnote 6, Debt.

Financing Derivatives

The Company's derivative financial instruments are not hedges and do not qualify for hedge accounting. Changes in the fair value of these instruments are recorded in other income (expense), net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

The fair values of the financing derivatives were estimated using forward projections and were discounted back at rates commensurate with the remaining term of the related derivatives. Significant valuation inputs included the Company's credit rating, the premium attributable to the payment-in-kind feature of the Notes, and premium estimates for company-specific risk factors (together, the "credit-adjusted discount rate"), the price and expected volatility of the Company's Common Stock, probability of change of control, and forward projections of estimated cash payments.

Extinguishment of the Notes on March 10, 2021 resulted in derecognition of the remaining financing derivatives. Refer to Footnote 6, Debt, for additional information.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Cash and cash equivalents are maintained with several financial institutions domestically and internationally. The combined account balances held on deposit at each institution typically exceed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") insurance coverage and, as a result, there is a concentration of credit risk related to amounts on deposit in excess of FDIC insurance coverage. The Company reduces this risk by maintaining such deposits with high quality financial institutions that management believes are creditworthy, and by monitoring this credit risk and making adjustments as necessary.

The Company considers highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase and qualifying money-market funds as cash equivalents.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, restricted cash represents security deposits for subleased office space.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The Company generally grants uncollateralized credit terms to its customers. Credit risk associated with accounts receivable is mitigated by the Company's ongoing credit evaluation of its customers' financial condition. An allowance for doubtful accounts is maintained to reserve for uncollectible receivables. Allowances are based on management's judgment, which considers historical collection experience adjusted for current conditions or expected future conditions based on reasonable and supportable forecasts, a specific review of all significant outstanding receivables, an assessment of company-specific credit conditions and general economic conditions.

The following is a summary of the activity within the allowance for doubtful accounts:


	Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022		2021
Beginning Balance	$	(798)	$	(1,173)	$	(2,757)
Bad debt (expense) benefit	(236)		(312)		80
Recoveries	(99)		(126)		(161)
Write-offs	519		813		1,665
Ending Balance	$	(614)	$	(798)	$	(1,173)

Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment is recorded at cost, net of accumulated depreciation, and is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets, ranging from 2 to 10 years. Finance lease assets are recorded at their net present value at the commencement of the lease. Both finance lease assets and leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the related lease terms or their useful lives. Replacements and major improvements are capitalized; maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred.

Included in property and equipment, net, are capitalized software costs to purchase and develop internal-use software, which the Company uses to provide services to its clients. The costs to purchase and develop internal-use software are capitalized from the time that the preliminary project stage is completed, and it is considered probable that the software will be used to perform the function intended, until the time the software is placed in service for its intended use. Any costs incurred during subsequent efforts to upgrade and enhance the functionality of the software are also capitalized. Once this software is ready for use in the Company's products, these costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the software, which is typically assessed to be 2 to 3 years. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company capitalized $22.4 million, $17.2 million, and $18.9 million (including $4.6 million recorded as part of the acquisition of Shareablee) in internal-use software costs, respectively. The Company depreciated $18.1 million, $15.1 million and $12.8 million in capitalized internal-use software costs during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Business Combination

In December 2021, the Company and two newly formed, wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the "Merger Agreement" or "Merger") with Shareablee, Inc. ("Shareablee"), to acquire Shareablee in exchange for shares of the Company's Common Stock and contingent consideration payable subject to the achievement of certain conditions set forth in the Merger Agreement, as described in Footnote 3, Business Combination. Total consideration paid or payable by the Company related to the Merger (valued as of the closing date of the Merger) was $31.4 million, which included $5.6 million for the fair value of contingent consideration payable based on the achievement of certain contractual milestones or future revenue performance. The maximum amount of contingent consideration payable under the Merger is $8.6 million.

The contingent consideration is classified as a liability due to the fact it will be settled in cash or a variable number of shares of Common Stock (or a combination thereof), and the amount of the payment is not dependent upon the fair value of the Common Stock. The contingent consideration liability is measured at fair value on a recurring basis until the contingency is resolved.

The fair value of the contingent consideration liability is estimated using a combination of valuation techniques. One technique is an option pricing model within a Monte Carlo simulation that determines an average projected payment value across numerous iterations. This technique determines projected payments based on simulated revenues derived from an internal forecast, adjusted for a selected revenue volatility and risk premium based on market data for comparable guideline public companies. The other technique is a discounted cash flow model that assumes achievement of the contractual milestones, resulting in payment of the full deferred amount. In both techniques, the projected payments are then discounted back to the valuation date at the Company's cost of debt using a term commensurate with the contractual payment dates.

In April 2022, the contingency was resolved and the full amount was deemed payable, subject to reduction for any pending indemnification claims and other terms set forth in the Merger Agreement. The resolution of this contingency eliminated the option pricing model as a valuation technique, and the fair value was remeasured using only the discounted cash flow model. The Company settled the first installment of $3.7 million in cash in 2023. In December 2023, the Company elected to settle the second installment of $3.7 million in cash. This amount remained outstanding as of December 31, 2023 and is scheduled to be paid in 2024. The Company expects to settle the remaining liability of $1.2 million payable in any combination of cash and Common Stock (at the Company's election) in December 2024.

The estimated fair value of the contingent consideration liability as of December 31, 2023 was $4.8 million. The loss due to change in fair value of $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 was classified within general and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Refer to Footnote 7, Fair Value Measurements, for additional information on the fair value of the contingent consideration.

Cloud Computing Implementation Costs

Certain costs incurred for implementation, setup, and other upfront activities in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract are capitalized during the application development stage. Upgrades and enhancements are capitalized if they will result in additional functionality. Amortization of capitalized costs is recorded on a straight-line basis over the term of the associated hosting arrangement, inclusive of reasonably certain renewal periods.

During the third quarter of 2021, the Company completed its implementation of a new cloud-based Enterprise Resource Planning ("ERP") system. The Company capitalized $6.8 million of eligible implementation costs in connection with its development and testing of the ERP system. These capitalized implementation costs are classified within other non-current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, capitalized implementation costs, net of accumulated amortization, were $3.5 million and $5.0 million, respectively.

The Company determined the expected period of benefit of the capitalized implementation costs was five years. Amortization costs are classified within general and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. The Company recorded $1.4 million, $1.4 million, and $0.7 million of amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 respectively.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase consideration over the fair value of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed when a business is acquired. The valuation of intangible assets and goodwill involves the use of management's estimates and assumptions and can have

a significant impact on future operating results. The Company initially records its intangible assets at fair value. Definite-lived intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives while goodwill is not amortized but is evaluated for impairment at least annually, as of October 1, by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying value including goodwill recorded by the reporting unit.

The Company has a single reporting unit. Accordingly, the impairment assessment for goodwill is performed at the enterprise level. Goodwill is reviewed for possible impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit below its carrying value. The Company has the option to first perform qualitative testing to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value. The qualitative evaluation is an assessment of factors, including operating results and cost factors, as well as industry, market and macroeconomic conditions, to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying amount, including goodwill. If the Company chooses not to complete a qualitative assessment or if the initial assessment indicates that it is more likely than not that the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, additional quantitative testing is required.

The fair value of the reporting unit is determined utilizing a discounted cash flow model, and a market value approach is utilized to supplement the discounted cash flow model. The estimated fair value of a reporting unit is determined based on assumptions regarding estimated future cash flows, discount rates, long-term growth rates and market values. Additionally, the Company considers income tax effects from any tax-deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment charge.

The Company monitors for events and circumstances that could negatively impact the key assumptions in determining fair value, including long-term revenue growth projections, profitability, discount rates, volatility in the Company's market capitalization, general industry, and market and macroeconomic conditions. It is possible that future changes in such circumstances, or in the variables associated with the judgments, assumptions and estimates used in assessing the fair value of the reporting unit, would require the Company to record a material non-cash impairment charge.

As part of the annual test as of October 1, 2023, the Company performed a quantitative goodwill impairment test using a discounted cash flow model, supported by a market approach. The Company's reporting unit did not pass the goodwill impairment test, and as a result, the Company recorded a $34.1 million non-cash impairment charge during the quarter ended December 31, 2023. Refer to Footnote 10, Goodwill and Intangible Assets, for further information.

In the second quarter of 2023, the Company performed a quantitative goodwill impairment test using a discounted cash flow model, supported by a market approach. The Company's reporting unit did not pass the goodwill impairment test, and as a result, the Company recorded a $44.1 million non-cash impairment charge during the quarter ended June 30, 2023. Refer to Footnote 10, Goodwill and Intangible Assets, for further information.

In the third quarter of 2022, the Company performed a quantitative goodwill impairment test using a discounted cash flow model, supported by a market approach. The Company's reporting unit did not pass the goodwill impairment test, and as a result, the Company recorded a $46.3 million non-cash impairment charge during the quarter ended September 30, 2022.

No goodwill impairment charges were recognized during the year ended December 31, 2021.

Intangible assets with finite lives are generally amortized using the straight-line method over the following useful lives:


			Useful Lives (Years)
Acquired methodologies and technology			5 to 7
Acquired software			2
Customer relationships			6 to 11
Intellectual property			16

The Company evaluates its definite-lived intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. If an indication of impairment is present, the Company compares the estimated undiscounted future cash flows to be generated by the asset group to its carrying amount. Recoverability measurement and estimation of undiscounted cash flows are grouped at the lowest level for which identifiable cash flows are largely independent of the cash flows of other assets and liabilities. If the undiscounted future cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the asset group, the Company records an impairment loss equal to the excess of the asset group's carrying amount over its fair value. The fair value is determined based on valuation techniques such as a comparison to fair values of similar assets or using a discounted cash flow analysis.

Although the Company believes that the carrying values of its goodwill and definite-lived intangible assets are appropriately stated as of December 31, 2023, changes in strategy or market conditions, significant technological developments or significant changes in legal or regulatory factors could significantly impact these judgments and require adjustments to recorded asset balances.

Recoverability of Other Long-Lived Assets

The Company's other long-lived assets consist primarily of property and equipment and right-of-use ("ROU") assets. The Company evaluates its ROU and long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. For facility lease ROU and related long-lived assets, the Company compares the estimated undiscounted cash flows generated

by a sublease to the current carrying value of the ROU and related long-lived assets. The Company treats operating lease ROU assets as financing transactions, thereby excluding the operating lease liability and related lease payments from the head lease, for purposes of testing recoverability. If the undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value of the ROU and related long-lived assets, the Company records an impairment loss equal to the excess of the ROU and long-lived assets' carrying value over their fair value.

The Company performed an analysis in the third quarter of 2023 related to the abandonment of two leased office spaces, which changed the extent and manner for which the ROU assets and related long-lived assets were being used. The Company recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $1.5 million related to the ROU assets during the quarter ended September 30, 2023.

The Company performed an analysis in the fourth quarter of 2022 related to the execution of a sublease for a property for which expected cash receipts were less than the disbursements for the lease. The Company recorded a $0.2 million non-cash impairment charge related to the ROU asset in the fourth quarter of 2022. The fair value of the ROU asset was estimated using an income approach and a discount rate of 7.4%.

Although the Company believes that the carrying values of its other long-lived assets are appropriately stated as of December 31, 2023, changes in strategy or market conditions, significant technological developments or significant changes in legal or regulatory factors could significantly impact these judgments and require adjustments to recorded asset balances.

Warrants Liability

In 2019, the Company issued warrants to CVI in connection with the private placement described in Footnote 5, Convertible Redeemable Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Equity. The warrants were determined to be freestanding financial instruments that qualify for liability treatment as a result of net cash settlement features associated with a cap on the issuance of shares, under certain circumstances, or upon a change of control. Changes in the fair value of these instruments are recorded in other income (expense), net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

The fair value of each warrant is estimated utilizing an option pricing model. Significant valuation inputs include the exercise price, price and expected volatility of the Company's Common Stock, risk-free rate and the remaining term of the warrants. As of December 31, 2023, the probability of a change of control was determined to be remote and did not require an enhancement to the valuation technique.

Leases

The Company's lease portfolio is comprised of two major classes. Real estate leases, which are the majority of the Company's leased assets, are accounted for as operating leases. Computer equipment leases are generally accounted for as finance leases.

The Company determines if an arrangement is or contains a lease at inception and whether the lease should be classified as an operating or finance lease. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term. Operating ROU assets also include the impact of any lease incentives. A ROU asset and lease liability are not recorded for short-term leases with an initial term of 12 months of less.

The Company has elected to combine lease and non-lease components and account for them together as a single lease component, which increases the carrying amount of the ROU assets and lease liabilities. Non-lease components primarily include payments for common-area maintenance, utilities and other pass-through charges.

The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate to determine the present value of the future lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is estimated to approximate the interest rate on a collateralized basis with similar terms and payments, and in economic environments where the leased asset is located.

The Company's lease terms include periods under options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. The Company considers contractual-based factors such as the nature and terms of the renewal or termination, asset-based factors such as physical location of the asset and entity-based factors such as the importance of the leased asset to the Company's operations to determine the lease term. The Company generally uses the non-cancelable lease term when measuring its ROU assets and lease liabilities.

Payments under the Company's lease arrangements are primarily fixed; however, certain lease agreements contain variable payments, which are expensed as incurred and excluded from the measurement of ROU assets and lease liabilities. These payment amounts are affected by changes in market indices and costs for common-area maintenance, utilities and other pass-through charges that are based on usage or performance.

Operating leases are included in operating ROU assets, current operating lease liability, and non-current operating lease liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company recognizes lease expense (excluding variable lease costs) for its operating leases on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Finance lease assets are included in property and equipment, net; current finance lease liabilities are aggregated into other current liabilities; and non-current finance lease obligations are aggregated in other non-current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company recognizes interest expense on the lease liability and the ROU asset is amortized over the lease term for its finance leases.

Income from subleased properties is recognized and presented as a reduction of costs, allocated among operating expense line items, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

Foreign Currency

Generally, the functional currency of the Company's foreign subsidiaries is the local currency. In those cases where the transaction is not denominated in the functional currency, the Company revalues the transaction to the functional currency and records the translation gain or loss in the Company's Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. Assets and liabilities are translated at the current exchange rate as of the end of the year, and revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates in effect during the year. The gain or loss resulting from the process of translating a foreign subsidiary's functional currency financial statements into U.S. Dollars ("USD") is reflected as foreign currency cumulative translation adjustment and reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. The translation adjustment for intercompany foreign currency loans that are permanent in nature are also recorded as accumulated other comprehensive loss. Translation adjustments on intercompany accounts that are short term in nature are recorded as (loss) gain from foreign currency transactions. For foreign entities where USD is the functional currency, re-measurement of gains and losses related to deferred tax assets and liabilities are reflected in income tax provision in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes revenue under the core principle to depict the transfer of control to its customers in an amount reflecting the consideration to which it expects to be entitled.

The Company's contracts with customers may include multiple promised goods and services. Contracts with multiple performance obligations typically consist of a mix of subscriptions to the Company's online database, customized data services, and delivery of periodic custom reports based on information obtained from the database. In such cases, the Company identifies performance obligations by evaluating whether the promised goods and services are capable of being distinct and distinct within the context of the contract at contract inception. Promised goods and services that are not distinct at contract inception are combined as one performance obligation.

Once the Company identifies the performance obligations, the Company will determine the transaction price based on contractually fixed amounts and an estimate of variable consideration. In general, the transaction price is determined by estimating the fixed amount of consideration to which the Company is entitled for transfer of goods and services and all relevant sources and components of variable consideration. Variable consideration is estimated based on the most likely amount or expected value approach, depending on which method the Company expects to better predict the amount of consideration to which it will be entitled. Once the Company elects one of the methods to estimate variable consideration for a particular type of performance obligation, the Company will apply that method consistently. Estimates of variable consideration are subject to constraint based on expected recovery from the customer. Sales taxes remitted to government authorities are excluded from the transaction price.

The Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation based on relative SSP. Judgment is exercised to determine the SSP of each distinct performance obligation. In most cases, the Company bundles multiple products and very few are sold on a standalone basis. The Company primarily applies an adjusted market assessment approach for the determination of the SSP, which is supported by rate cards and pricing calculators that are periodically reviewed and updated to reflect the latest sales data and observable inputs by industry, channel, geography, customer size, and other relevant groupings.

The Company recognizes revenue when (or as) it satisfies a performance obligation by transferring promised goods or services to a customer. Customers may obtain the control of promised goods or services over time or at a point in time. Subscription-based revenues, and other products delivered continuously through a user interface, are recognized on a straight-line basis over an access period specified within the respective contract. Revenues for impression-based products are typically recognized over time, on a time-elapsed basis, as the customer is continuously consuming and receiving the benefits of campaign measurement, or an output method, such as volume of impressions processed during a discrete period. Report-based revenues are recognized at a point in time, which is generally once the product has been delivered to the customer. The Company also considers whether there is a present right to payment, and whether the customer has accepted the product if such acceptance provisions are substantive.

Customers may have the right to cancel their contracts by providing a written notice of cancellation, although most subscription-based contracts are non-cancelable. If a customer cancels its contract, the customer is generally not entitled to a refund for prior services. In the event a portion of a contract is refundable, revenue recognition is delayed until the refund provision lapses. For multi-year contracts with annual price increases, the total consideration for each of the years included in the contract term will be combined and recognized on a straight-line basis.

For transactions that involve third parties, the Company evaluates whether it is the principal, in which case it recognizes revenue on a gross basis. If the Company is an agent, it recognizes revenue on a net basis. This determination can require significant judgment for certain revenue share arrangements that involve the use of partner data in the Company's sales to end users or the use of its data in partner sales to end users. In these arrangements, the Company assesses which party controls the specified goods or services before they are transferred to the customer, as well as other indicators such as the party primarily responsible for fulfillment, inventory risk, and discretion in establishing price.

The Company enters into a limited number of monetary contracts with multichannel video programming distributors ("MVPDs") that involve both the purchase and sale of services with a single counterparty. Each contract is assessed to determine if the revenue and expense should be presented gross or net. In some instances, the Company may provide free distinct goods or services as a form of non-cash consideration to the counterparty. Revenue is recognized for these contracts to the extent SSP is established for distinct services provided. Any excess consideration above the established SSP of services is presented as a reduction to cost of revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. The fair value of non-cash consideration included in revenues during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

totaled $4.2 million, $3.9 million, and $4.0 million, respectively. The fair value of non-cash consideration included in cost of revenues during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 totaled $4.3 million, $4.1 million and $3.9 million, respectively.

Contract Balances

Accounts receivable are billed and unbilled amounts where the right to payment from the customer is unconditional but for the passage of time. Contract assets represent amounts where the right to payment in exchange for goods or services transferred is conditioned on future events, such as the entity's continued performance. The portion of contract assets to be billed in the succeeding twelve-month period are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets, and the remaining amounts are included in other assets within the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Contract liabilities relate to amounts billed in advance, or advance consideration received from customers, under non-cancelable contracts for which exchange of goods or services will occur in the future. Customer advances relate to amounts billed in advance, or advance considerations received from customers, for contracts with termination rights for which exchange of goods or services will occur in the future. The portion of contract liabilities and customer advances to be recognized in the succeeding twelve-month period are presented separately within current liabilities, and the remaining amounts are included in other non-current liabilities within the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Remaining Performance Obligations

The Company elected an optional exemption to not disclose information about the amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations for contracts that have an original expected duration of one year or less. The amount disclosed for remaining performance obligations also excludes variable consideration from unsatisfied performance obligations within a series where revenue is recognized using an output method, such as volume of impressions processed.

Costs to Fulfill a Contract

Certain costs to fulfill are capitalized for contracts where the transfer of goods and services will occur in the future. Typically, these capitalized costs are incurred during a setup period prior to transferring control of the good or service over time. These costs include dedicated employees, subcontractors, and other third-party costs. Capitalized costs are assessed for recoverability at each reporting period. These costs are included in cost of revenues and are recognized in the same manner as the corresponding performance obligation. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, amortized and expensed contract costs were zero. For the year ended December 31, 2021, amortized and expensed contract costs were $2.7 million.

Cost of Revenues

Cost of revenues consists primarily of costs to produce the Company's products including viewing data from MVPDs, census-based, panel and other third-party data as well as costs to operate its network infrastructure including data center, data storage and compliance costs. Other costs include amortization of capitalized fulfillment costs, employee costs including stock-based compensation, depreciation related to assets used to maintain the network and produce products and allocated overhead, including rent and depreciation expenses generated by general purpose equipment and software.

Selling and Marketing

Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries, commissions, stock-based compensation, benefits and bonuses for personnel associated with sales and marketing activities, as well as costs related to online and offline advertising, product management, seminars, promotional materials, public relations, other sales and marketing programs, and allocated overhead, including rent and other facilities related costs, and depreciation.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries, stock-based compensation, benefits and related costs for personnel associated with research and development activities, as well as allocated overhead, including rent and other facilities related costs, and depreciation.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries, stock-based compensation, benefits and related costs for executive management, finance, accounting, human capital, legal, information technology and other administrative functions, as well as professional fees and allocated overhead, including rent and other facilities related costs, depreciation and expenses incurred for other general corporate purposes.

Other Income (Expense), Net

Other income (expense), net represents income and expenses incurred that are generally not recurring in nature or are not part of the Company's normal operations. The following is a summary of the significant components of other income (expense), net:


	Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022		2021
Change in fair value of financing derivatives	$	—	$	—	$	1,800
Change in fair value of warrants liability	49		9,802		(7,689)
Other	(7)		(17)		111
Total other income (expense), net	$	42	$	9,785	$	(5,778)

Debt Issuance Costs

The Company reflects debt issuance costs in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as a direct deduction from the gross amount of debt, consistent with the presentation of a debt discount. Debt issuance costs are amortized to interest expense, net over the term of the underlying debt instrument, utilizing the effective interest method.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company estimates the fair value of stock-based awards on their grant date. The fair value of stock options with only service conditions is determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The determination of the fair value of the Company's stock option awards is based on a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, the Company's Common Stock price, risk-free rate, expected stock price volatility over the expected life of awards, and the expected term of the option. The fair value of restricted stock units ("RSUs") is based on the closing price of the Company's Common Stock on the grant date. The Company amortizes the fair value of awards expected to vest on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the awards, which is generally the period from the grant date to the end of the vesting period.

The Company issues stock options with a vesting period based solely upon the passage of time (service vesting). To determine the expected term of the option the Company applies the simplified method for plain-vanilla options due to the lack of significant historical exercise experience. For non-employee options that do not qualify as plain-vanilla the Company has elected to apply the contractual term of the award.

The Company issues RSU awards with a vesting period based solely upon the passage of time (service vesting), achieving performance targets, fulfillment of market conditions, or a combination thereof. For those RSU awards with only service vesting, the Company recognizes compensation cost on a straight-line basis over the service period. For awards with both service and performance conditions, the Company starts recognizing compensation cost over the remaining service period when it is probable the performance conditions will be met. Stock awards that contain performance vesting conditions are excluded from diluted earnings per share ("EPS") computations until the contingency is met as of the end of that reporting period.

For awards with both service and market conditions, the Company recognizes compensation cost over the remaining service period, with the effect of the market condition reflected in the determination of the award's fair value at the grant date. The Company values awards with market conditions using certain valuation techniques, such as a lattice model or Monte Carlo simulation analysis. The Company determines the requisite service period based on the longer of the explicit service period and the derived service period. Stock awards that contain market vesting conditions are included in the computations of diluted EPS reflecting the number of shares that would be issued based on the current market price at the end of the period being reported on, if their effect is dilutive.

Under the Company's annual incentive compensation plan, the Company may grant immediately vested RSUs to certain employees. For these awards, stock-based compensation expense is accrued commencing at the service inception date, which generally precedes the grant date, through the end of the requisite service period.

The Company estimates forfeitures for stock-based awards at their grant date based on historical experience. The estimated forfeiture rate as of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was 10.0% for non-executive awards. Awards granted to senior executives have an estimated forfeiture rate of zero. The Company performs a review of its forfeiture rate assumption on an annual basis. Changes in the estimates and assumptions relating to forfeitures and subsequent grants may result in material changes to stock-based compensation expense in the future.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method. Deferred income taxes are provided for temporary differences in recognizing certain income, expense and credit items for financial reporting purposes and tax reporting purposes. Such deferred income taxes primarily relate to the difference between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to the future years in which deferred tax assets or liabilities are expected to be settled or realized. Excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies are recognized in the income tax provision in the period in which they occur.

The Company records a valuation allowance when it determines, based on available positive and negative evidence, that it is more likely than not that some portion or all of its deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company determines the realizability of its deferred tax assets

primarily based on the reversal of existing taxable temporary differences and projections of future taxable income (exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards). In evaluating such projections, the Company considers its history of profitability, the competitive environment, and general economic conditions. In addition, the Company considers the time frame over which it would take to utilize the deferred tax assets prior to their expiration.

For certain tax positions, the Company uses a more-likely-than-not threshold based on the technical merits of the tax position taken. Tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold are measured at the largest amount of tax benefits determined on a cumulative probability basis, which are more likely than not to be realized upon ultimate settlement in the financial statements. The Company's policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense.

In December 2017, U.S. tax reform legislation known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "TCJA") was signed into law. The Company determined the effects of certain provisions, including but not limited to: a reduction in the corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%, a limitation of the deductibility of certain officers' compensation, a limitation on the current deductibility of net interest expense in excess of 30% of adjusted taxable income, a limitation of net operating losses generated after 2018 to 80% of taxable income, an incremental tax (base erosion anti-abuse or "BEAT") on excessive amounts paid to foreign related parties, and a minimum tax on certain foreign earnings in excess of 10% of the foreign subsidiaries' tangible assets (global intangible low-taxed income or "GILTI"). As part of its GILTI review, the Company has determined that it will account for GILTI income as it is generated (i.e., treat it as a period expense). Given the Company's loss position in the U.S. and the valuation allowance recorded against its U.S. net deferred tax assets, these provisions have not had a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Beginning in 2022, the TCJA eliminated the option to immediately deduct research and experiment ("R&E") expenditures in the year incurred pursuant to Internal Revenue Code Section 174 ("Section 174"). The amended provision under Section 174 requires taxpayers to capitalize and amortize these expenditures over five years for research performed in the U.S. and over 15 years for research performed outside the U.S. While it is possible that Congress may defer, modify or repeal this provision, potentially with retroactive effect, it was not deferred, modified or repealed as of December 31, 2023. Due to the Company's federal and state net operating loss ("NOL") carryforwards, the amended provision under Section 174 only increased the Company's state cash taxes payable and reduced its cash flow from operating activities by an immaterial amount in 2023 and 2022. The capitalized R&E expenditures merely caused a reclassification between the NOL deferred tax asset and capitalized R&E deferred tax asset as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. Because the Company's deferred tax assets have a full valuation allowance against them, the amended provision under Section 174 did not materially impact the Company's tax rate or results of operations.

Loss Per Share

The Company uses the two-class method to calculate net loss per share. The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that treats a participating security as having rights to earnings that otherwise would have been available to common stockholders. Under the two-class method, earnings for the period are allocated between common stockholders and participating security holders based on their respective rights to receive dividends as if all undistributed book earnings for the period were distributed.

Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to only the common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted loss per share includes the effect of potential common shares, such as the Company's Preferred Stock, warrants, stock options, restricted stock units and deferred stock units, contingent consideration and Notes, to the extent the effect is dilutive. In periods with a net loss available to common stockholders, the anti-dilutive effect of these potential common shares is excluded and diluted net loss per share is equal to basic net loss per share.

The following is a summary of the Common Stock equivalents for the securities outstanding during the respective periods that have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per common share, as their effect would be anti-dilutive:


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023	2022	2021
Preferred Stock (1)	4,285,418	4,285,418	3,346,324
Warrants	272,851	272,851	272,851
Stock options, restricted stock units and deferred stock units	294,388	249,081	253,699
Contingent consideration (2)	71,377	211,034	—
Senior secured convertible notes	—	—	61,624
Total	4,924,034	5,018,384	3,934,498

(1) Includes the effect of potential Common Stock that would be issued to settle unpaid dividends accrued to holders of the Preferred Stock if they elected to convert their shares at the beginning of the period (or at the time of issuance, if later).

(2) A contingent consideration liability was recognized as part of the acquisition described in Footnote 3, Business Combination. The liability payments may be settled in any combination of cash or shares of Common Stock based on the volume-weighted average trading price of the Common Stock for the 10 trading days prior to the date of each payment. Settlement of this liability in Common Stock could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in future periods. The Company calculated a potential anti-dilutive share count based on the maximum contingent consideration as of December 31, 2023 of $1.2 million and the $16.70 per share closing price of the Company's Common Stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on December 29, 2023. The Company calculated a potential anti-dilutive share count based on the maximum contingent consideration as of December 31, 2022 of $4.9 million and the $23.20 per share closing price of the Company's Common Stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on December 30, 2022. The impact was determined to be negligible for 2021 based on the period the liability was outstanding.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, dividends accrued to holders of the Preferred Stock totaled $16.3 million. These dividends have been included in calculating the total loss available to common stockholders used in the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share.

For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, dividends to holders of the Preferred Stock, including those both paid and accrued, totaled $15.5 million and $12.6 million, respectively. These dividends have been included in calculating the total loss available to common stockholders used in the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share.

Recent Accounting Guidance Issued But Not Adopted at December 31, 2023

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, to improve the transparency of income tax disclosures by requiring consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and early adoption is permitted. The amendments in this update should be applied on a prospective basis. Retroactive application is permitted. The Company expects to adopt the new standard effective January 1, 2025 and is currently evaluating the impact that this standard will have on its Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-08, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which expands annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that this standard will have on its Consolidated Financial Statements or related disclosures, but the Company does not believe that the adoption of this standard will have a significant impact to its Consolidated Financial Statements or related disclosures.

Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
Insider Trading Arrangements	Dec. 31, 2023
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false

Leases - Schedule of Finance and Operating Lease Cost (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Finance Lease, Cost1 [Abstract]
Amortization of right-of-use assets	$ 1,929	$ 2,364	$ 2,188
Interest on lease liabilities	244	338	440
Total finance lease cost	2,173	2,702	2,628
Operating Lease, Cost [Abstract]
Fixed lease cost	9,231	11,174	11,212
Short-term lease cost	86	150	336
Variable lease cost	1,077	1,369	1,622
Sublease income	(2,001)	(2,572)	(2,530)
Total operating lease cost	8,393	10,121	10,640
Cost of revenues
Finance Lease, Cost1 [Abstract]
Amortization of right-of-use assets	574	1,747	1,617
Operating Lease, Cost [Abstract]
Total operating lease cost	2,497	3,030	3,126
Selling and marketing
Finance Lease, Cost1 [Abstract]
Amortization of right-of-use assets	629	263	243
Operating Lease, Cost [Abstract]
Total operating lease cost	2,738	3,391	3,461
Research and development
Finance Lease, Cost1 [Abstract]
Amortization of right-of-use assets	470	216	200
Operating Lease, Cost [Abstract]
Total operating lease cost	2,044	2,382	2,367
General and administrative
Finance Lease, Cost1 [Abstract]
Amortization of right-of-use assets	256	138	128
Operating Lease, Cost [Abstract]
Total operating lease cost	$ 1,114	$ 1,318	$ 1,686

Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Financing derivatives
Contingent consideration liability	$ 1,200	$ 4,900
Warrants issued	$ 700
Current portion of contingent consideration		7,100
Contingent consideration, noncurrent		1,000
Level 1
Financing derivatives
Money market funds, stable net asset value per share (in dollars per share)	$ 1.00
Recurring
Financing derivatives
Contingent consideration liability	$ 4,806	8,158
Total	5,475	8,876
Recurring \| Level 1
Financing derivatives
Contingent consideration liability	0	0
Total	0	0
Recurring \| Level 2
Financing derivatives
Contingent consideration liability	4,806	8,158
Total	4,806	8,158
Recurring \| Level 3
Financing derivatives
Contingent consideration liability	0	0
Total	669	718
Series A Warrants \| Recurring
Financing derivatives
Contingent consideration liability	4,800
Warrants issued	669	718
Series A Warrants \| Recurring \| Level 1
Financing derivatives
Warrants issued	0	0
Series A Warrants \| Recurring \| Level 2
Financing derivatives
Warrants issued	0	0
Series A Warrants \| Recurring \| Level 3
Financing derivatives
Warrants issued	669	718
Money market funds \| Recurring
Assets
Cash and cash equivalent assets	112	2,455
Money market funds \| Recurring \| Level 1
Assets
Cash and cash equivalent assets	112	2,455
Money market funds \| Recurring \| Level 2
Assets
Cash and cash equivalent assets	0	0
Money market funds \| Recurring \| Level 3
Assets
Cash and cash equivalent assets	$ 0	$ 0

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Common Stock Equivalents for Securities Outstanding Excluded from Computation of Diluted Net Loss per Share (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions		12 Months Ended
	Dec. 16, 2021 trading_day	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) trading_day $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2021 shares
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Preferred Stock (in shares)		4,285,418	4,285,418	3,346,324
Warrants (in shares)		272,851	272,851	272,851
Stock options, restricted stock units and deferred stock units (in shares)		294,388	249,081	253,699
Contingent consideration (in shares)		71,377	211,034	0
Senior secured convertible notes (in shares)		0	0	61,624
Total (in shares)		4,924,034	5,018,384	3,934,498
Weighted average trading days \| trading_day	10	10
Contingent consideration liability \| $		$ 1.2	$ 4.9
Closing price (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares		$ 16.70	$ 23.20

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The following is a summary of the activity within the allowance for doubtful accounts:


	Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022		2021
Beginning Balance	$	(798)	$	(1,173)	$	(2,757)
Bad debt (expense) benefit	(236)		(312)		80
Recoveries	(99)		(126)		(161)
Write-offs	519		813		1,665
Ending Balance	$	(614)	$	(798)	$	(1,173)

Schedule of Intangible Assets with Finite Lives

Intangible assets with finite lives are generally amortized using the straight-line method over the following useful lives:


			Useful Lives (Years)
Acquired methodologies and technology			5 to 7
Acquired software			2
Customer relationships			6 to 11
Intellectual property			16

Schedule of Other Income (Expense), Net

The following is a summary of the significant components of other income (expense), net:


	Years Ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2023		2022		2021
Change in fair value of financing derivatives	$	—	$	—	$	1,800
Change in fair value of warrants liability	49		9,802		(7,689)
Other	(7)		(17)		111
Total other income (expense), net	$	42	$	9,785	$	(5,778)

Schedule of Common Stock Equivalents for Securities Outstanding Excluded from Computation of Diluted Net Loss per Share


	Years Ended December 31,
	2023	2022	2021
Preferred Stock (1)	4,285,418	4,285,418	3,346,324
Warrants	272,851	272,851	272,851
Stock options, restricted stock units and deferred stock units	294,388	249,081	253,699
Contingent consideration (2)	71,377	211,034	—
Senior secured convertible notes	—	—	61,624
Total	4,924,034	5,018,384	3,934,498

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The Company tests goodwill for impairment annually during the fourth quarter as of October 1, or more frequently when events or changes in circumstances indicate that fair value is below carrying value. In conjunction with its annual test as of October 1, 2023, the Company performed a quantitative goodwill impairment test. In its assessment, the Company considered the decline in revenues in 2023 which drove lower revenue growth expectations in future years. The Company also considered the decline in the Company's stock price and market capitalization. The fair value of the reporting unit was determined using a discounted cash flow model (a form of the income approach) utilizing Level 3 unobservable inputs, supported by a market approach. The Company relied in part on the work of an independent valuation firm engaged by the Company to provide inputs as to the fair value of the reporting unit and to assist in the related calculations and analysis. The Company's reporting unit did not pass the goodwill impairment test and as a result, the Company recorded a $34.1 million impairment charge in the fourth quarter of 2023.

In the second quarter of 2023, the Company concluded that it was more likely than not that the estimated fair value of its reporting unit was less than its carrying value. In its assessment, the Company considered the decline in the Company's stock price and market capitalization, among

other factors. The Company performed quantitative testing on its reporting unit using a discounted cash flow model (a form of the income approach) utilizing Level 3 unobservable inputs, supported by a market approach. The Company relied in part on the work of an independent valuation firm engaged by the Company to provide inputs as to the fair value of the reporting unit and to assist in the related calculations and analysis. The Company's reporting unit did not pass the goodwill impairment test, and as a result the Company recorded a $44.1 million impairment charge in the second quarter of 2023.

In 2022, the Company concluded that it was more likely than not that the estimated fair value of its reporting unit was less than its carrying value. Accordingly, in conjunction with its annual test as of October 1, 2022, the Company performed a quantitative goodwill impairment test as of September 30, 2022. The Company's reporting unit did not pass the goodwill impairment test and as a result, the Company recorded a $46.3 million impairment charge in the third quarter of 2022.

The change in the carrying value of goodwill is as follows:


(In thousands)
Balance as of December 31, 2021	$	435,711
Impairment charge	(46,300)
Translation adjustments	(1,438)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	387,973
Impairment charge	(78,200)
Translation adjustments	587
Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	310,360

The carrying values of the Company's definite-lived intangible assets are as follows:


	As of				As of
	December 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
(In thousands)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Acquired methodologies and technology	$	154,409	$	(150,783)	$	3,626	$	154,388	$	(147,887)	$	6,501
Customer relationships	46,623		(42,663)		3,960		46,557		(40,932)		5,625
Intellectual property	14,366		(14,076)		290		14,356		(13,633)		723
Acquired software	9,765		(9,526)		239		9,765		(9,287)		478
Panel	3,107		(3,107)		—		3,084		(3,084)		—
Trade names	750		(750)		—		753		(753)		—
Other	600		(600)		—		600		(600)		—
Total intangible assets	$	229,620	$	(221,505)	$	8,115	$	229,503	$	(216,176)	$	13,327

Amortization expense related to intangible assets was $5.2 million, $27.1 million, and $25.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

Of the Company's definite-lived intangible assets, net, all were generated by or located in the United States as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

The weighted-average remaining amortization period by major asset class as of December 31, 2023 is as follows:


			(In years)
Acquired methodologies and technology			3.0
Acquired software			1.0
Customer relationships			3.0
Intellectual property			0.7

The estimated future amortization of intangible assets is as follows:


	(In thousands)
2024	$	3,057
2025	2,529
2026	2,529


Thereafter	—
Total	$	8,115

Business Combination - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands		1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Business Combination - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 16, 2021 USD ($) subsidiary trading_day shares	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) subsidiary	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) trading_day	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) subsidiary
Business Acquisition
Number of wholly owned subsidiaries \| subsidiary	2
Contingent consideration liability			$ 1,200	$ 4,900
Contingent consideration period	3 years
Weighted average trading days \| trading_day	10		10
Stock-based compensation expense			$ 4,535	$ 8,178	$ 13,848
Director
Business Acquisition
Stock-based compensation expense	$ 400
Shareablee
Business Acquisition
Number of wholly owned subsidiaries \| subsidiary		2			2
Shares issued or issued in business acquisition (in shares) \| shares	456,448
Contingent consideration liability	$ 8,600	$ 5,600			$ 5,600
Fair value of shares	25,329
Stock-based compensation expense					1,500
Total purchase consideration	31,373	$ 31,400
Acquisition related costs					500
Revenues					400
Loss before income tax provision					$ 1,400
Shareablee \| Director
Business Acquisition
Contingent consideration liability	300
Total purchase consideration	$ 300
Shareablee \| Shares Issued Upon Closing
Business Acquisition
Shares issued or issued in business acquisition (in shares) \| shares	397,275
Shareablee \| Replacement Awards
Business Acquisition
Shares issued or issued in business acquisition (in shares) \| shares	53,104
Shareablee \| Replacement Awards \| Director
Business Acquisition
Fair value of shares	$ 700
Shareablee \| Pending Upon Working Capital Adjustment
Business Acquisition
Shares issued or issued in business acquisition (in shares) \| shares	6,067

Business Combination - Schedule of Preliminary Purchase Price Allocation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 16, 2021
Business Acquisition
Goodwill	$ 310,360	$ 387,973	$ 435,711
Shareablee
Business Acquisition
Net working capital				$ (2,212)
Property and equipment, net				4,578
Deferred tax liabilities				(2,817)
Other assets and liabilities				(22)
Definite-lived intangible assets				12,644
Goodwill				19,202
Total purchase consideration				$ 31,373